Reciprocal organ interactions during heart failure: a position paper from the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function.

ABSTRACT: Heart failure-either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFpEF)-is a clinical syndrome of multifactorial and gender-dependent aetiology, indicating the insufficiency of the heart to pump blood adequately to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Typical symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue with impaired exercise capacity, and peripheral oedema, thereby alluding to the fact that heart failure is a syndrome that affects multiple organ systems. Patients suffering from progressed heart failure have a very limited life expectancy, lower than that of numerous cancer types. In this position paper, we provide an overview regarding interactions between the heart and other organ systems, the clinical evidence, underlying mechanisms, potential availab

SUBMITTER: Ciccarelli M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8562335 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature