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LiCl attenuates impaired learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice, which in mechanism involves α7 nAChRs and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

ABSTRACT: We examined the mechanism by which lithium chloride (LiCl) attenuates the impaired learning capability and memory function of dual-transgenic APP/PS1 mice. Six- or 12-month-old APP/PS1 and wild-type (WT) mice were randomized into four groups, namely WT, WT+Li (100 mg LiCl/kg body weight, gavage once daily), APP/PS1 and APP/PS1+Li. Primary rat hippocampal neurons were exposed to β-amyloid peptide oligomers (AβOs), LiCl and/or XAV939 (inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin) or transfected with small interfering RNA against the β-catenin gene. In the cerebral zone of APP/PS1 mice, the level of Aβ was increased and those of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), phosphor-GSK3β (ser9), β-catenin and cyclin D1 (protein and/or mRNA levels) reduced. Two-month treatment with LiCl at ages of 4 or 10 months weakened all of these effects. Similar expression variations were observed for these proteins in primary neurons exposed to AβOs, and these effects were attenuated by LiCl and aggravated by XAV939. Inhibition of β-catenin expression lowered the level of α7 nAChR protein in these cells. LiCl attenuates the impaired learning capability and memory function of APP/PS1 mice via a mechanism that might involve elevation of the level of α7 nAChR as a result of altered Wnt/β-catenin signalling.

SUBMITTER: Xiang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8581309 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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LiCl attenuates impaired learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice, which in mechanism involves α7 nAChRs and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Xiang Jie J Ran Long-Yan LY Zeng Xiao-Xiao XX He Wen-Wen WW Xu Yi Y Cao Kun K Dong Yang-Ting YT Qi Xiao-Lan XL Yu Wen-Feng WF Xiao Yan Y Guan Zhi-Zhong ZZ

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 20211028 22

We examined the mechanism by which lithium chloride (LiCl) attenuates the impaired learning capability and memory function of dual-transgenic APP/PS1 mice. Six- or 12-month-old APP/PS1 and wild-type (WT) mice were randomized into four groups, namely WT, WT+Li (100 mg LiCl/kg body weight, gavage once daily), APP/PS1 and APP/PS1+Li. Primary rat hippocampal neurons were exposed to β-amyloid peptide oligomers (AβOs), LiCl and/or XAV939 (inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin) or transfected with small interferi ...[more]

PMID: 34708522

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Project description:BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that excessive inflammation hampers the regenerative capacity of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is crucial in suppressing immune dysregulation.ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish the role of the Wnt/β-catenin in regulating the immune microenvironment and its subsequent impact on periodontal regeneration.MethodsLithium chloride (LiCl, Wnt activator) was administered daily into the standard periodontal defects created in 12-week-old Lewis rats. Harvested at 1-week and 2-week post-surgery, samples were then subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of macrophage distribution and phenotype (pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2). A murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, was stimulated with LiCl to activate Wnt/β-catenin. Following treatment with the conditioned medium derived from the LiCl-activated macrophages, the expression of bone- and cementum-related markers of the PDLCs was determined. The involvement of Wnt/β-catenin in the immunoregulation and autophagic activity was further investigated with the addition of cardamonin, a commercially available Wnt inhibitor.ResultsA significantly increased number of macrophages were detected around the defects during early healing upon receiving the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cue. The defect sites in week 2 exhibited fewer M1 and more M2 macrophages along with an enhanced regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum in the Wnt/β-catenin activation group. LiCl-induced immunomodulatory effect was accompanied with the activation Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was suppressed in the presence of Wnt inhibitor. Exposure to LiCl could induce autophagy in a dose-dependent manner, thus maintaining macrophages in a regulatory state. The expression level of bone- and cementum-related markers was significantly elevated in PDLCs stimulated with LiCl-activated macrophages.ConclusionThe application of Wnt activator LiCl facilitates the recruitment of macrophages to defect sites and regulates their phenotypic switching in favor of periodontal regeneration. Suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway could attenuate the LiCl-induced immunomodulatory effect. Taken together, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be targeted for therapeutic interventions in periodontal diseases.

Dataset Information

LiCl attenuates impaired learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice, which in mechanism involves α7 nAChRs and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Publications

LiCl attenuates impaired learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice, which in mechanism involves α7 nAChRs and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

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