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Predicting Psychosocial Health of Children and Adolescents with Obesity in Germany: The Underappreciated Role of Physical Fitness.

ABSTRACT: Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the inhibitory and promotive factors of psychosocial health in the context of childhood obesity, incorporating physical fitness as an additional, potentially relevant predictor. Methods: The sample comprised cross-sectional data of 241 children and adolescents with obesity and overweight from the German Children's Health InterventionaL TriaL III program (12.5 ± 2.1 years; 51.9% girls). Demographics and lifestyle patterns were assessed via parent reports. Anthropometric data and physical fitness in relation to body weight (W/kg) were measured. Children and adolescents completed standardized questionnaires (GW-LQ-KJ, FSK-K) to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and five dimensions of self-concept (scholastic, social, physical, behavioral, and self-worth). Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HRQOL was significantly related to relative physical fitness (W/kg; β = 0.216, p = 0.011) as were scholastic (β = 0.228, p = 0.008) and social self-concept (β = 0.197, p = 0.023). Increasing body mass index (BMI) Z-scores, age, physical activity (hours/day), low parental educational levels, and/or migration background were negatively associated with three subdomains of self-concept (physical, behavioral, self-worth; all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results emphasize BMI Z-scores, age, physical activity, migration background, and parents' educational level as relevant predictors of psychosocial health in the context of childhood obesity. Additionally, this study adds physical fitness as a key determinant of HRQOL and self-concept. To enable the development of more effective weight management, therapeutic strategies should therefore consider addressing these aspects and improving physical fitness in particular not only for weight loss but also to strengthen psychosocial health.

SUBMITTER: Eisenburger N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8583523 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Predicting Psychosocial Health of Children and Adolescents with Obesity in Germany: The Underappreciated Role of Physical Fitness.

Eisenburger Nina N Friesen David D Haas Fabiola F Klaudius Marlen M Schmidt Lisa L Vandeven Susanne S Joisten Christine C

International journal of environmental research and public health 20211025 21

<i>Background</i>: The aim of this study was to analyze the inhibitory and promotive factors of psychosocial health in the context of childhood obesity, incorporating physical fitness as an additional, potentially relevant predictor. <i>Methods</i>: The sample comprised cross-sectional data of 241 children and adolescents with obesity and overweight from the German Children's Health InterventionaL TriaL III program (12.5 ± 2.1 years; 51.9% girls). Demographics and lifestyle patterns were assesse ...[more]

PMID: 34769706

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Project description:BackgroundPhysical fitness has been considered an important health indicator. Several factors can impact the increase in physical fitness in children and adolescents, including chronological age, sex and BMI, in addition to training variables such as weekly frequency, session and intervention duration, and types of exercises performed. To know the importance of variables that can impact physical fitness, it is important for health professionals to identify the most efficient way of prescribing physical exercises for children and adolescents. The aim is review and meta-analyses of the effects of supervised and structured physical exercise on the physical fitness trainability of children and adolescents.MethodsRelevant articles were searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Scopus platform databases and selected based on the following criteria: children and adolescents aged between 7 and 17 years who performed any type of structured physical exercise compared to a control group without exercise and evaluating physical fitness (strength or muscular power, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or speed. The results are reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020.ResultsEighty studies were included with a total of 5769 participants. Strength exercises (ES: 1.073; 95% CI, 0.612-1.533; P < 0.001; I2: 74%), concurrent (ES: 1.054; 95% CI, 0.255-1.853; P < 0.010; I2: 72%) and sports (ES: 0.573; 95% CI, 0.015 to 1.132; P < 0.044; I2: 34%) seem to be the most effective in increasing muscular strength. Aerobic activities (ES: 0.400; 95% CI, 0.258-0.542; P < 0.001; I2: 74%), sports (ES: 0.271; 95% IC, 0.148-0.394; P < 0.001; I2: 15), or HIIT (ES: 0.668; 95% IC, 0.333-1.003; P < 0.001; I2: 29%) resulted in increased CRF (ES: 0.514; 95% IC, 0.220-1.808; P < 0.001; I2: 66%). The practice of physical exercise increased muscular power (ES: 0.241; 95% CI, 0.053-0.429; P = 0.012; I2: 0%). The practice of HIIT impacts MAS gains (ES: 0.048; 95% CI, 0.050 - 0.026; P = 0.029; I2: 44%).ConclusionSupervised and structured physical exercise can improve muscular strength (15-35%), CRF (5.4-8.5%), muscular power (5.6-11.8%), and MAS (5.4%) trainability in children and adolescents. Sex, BMI of the subjects and type of exercise performed (aerobic activities, exclusive to strength, HIIT or sports) should be considered when prescribing the exercise.

Project description:BackgroundMotor competence is an integral component of the health and performance of youth. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that motor competence interacts with perceived motor competence and physical fitness during childhood to induce positive (e.g. healthy weight status) or negative (e.g. reduced physical activity engagement) trajectories. Yet, while adolescence is a key period of rapid growth and maturation, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined the association between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics solely within adolescents.ObjectivesThis study aimed to (1) analyse the scientific literature evaluating associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and/or psychosocial characteristics amongst adolescents; (2) evaluate the associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness characteristics and/or psychosocial characteristics amongst adolescents; and (3) investigate the impact of moderator variables (i.e., age, sex, type of motor competence assessment) on the associations.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases was conducted, followed by a qualitative synthesis of study methods. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to establish the magnitude and orientation of pooled correlation coefficients between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents, whilst considering potential moderators (i.e., age, sex, type of motor competence assessment).ResultsSixty-one studies were included, totalling 22,256 adolescents. Twenty-seven different assessments of motor competence were used, with 31 studies utilising product-orientated (i.e. outcome) motor competence assessments. Meta-analyses of 43 studies showed that motor competence was positively associated with physical activity (r = 0.20 to 0.26), some physical fitness characteristics (e.g. muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance; r = 0.03 to 0.60) and psychosocial characteristics (r = 0.07 to 0.34), and inversely associated with weight status (r = - 0.36 to - 0.10), speed (r = - 0.31) and agility (r = - 0.37 to 0.41). Associations with flexibility were unclear.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the hypothesised interactions of motor competence with physical activity (positive), physical fitness (positive except for weight status, speed and agility) and psychosocial characteristics (positive) in adolescence. However, methodological approaches vary considerably (e.g. variety of motor competence assessments utilised), with limitations of the current literature including an inadequate assessment of motor competence, a lack of longitudinal observations and a failure to account for biological maturation. Future research assessing associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents should include longitudinal observations of a combined motor competence assessment (i.e. process and product) and account for biological maturation. Improved evaluation using these recommendations could provide more accurate data, leading to more targeted interventions to improve adolescents' physical and psychosocial outcomes.Clinical trial registrationCRD42021233441 (PROSPERO ID).

Project description:ImportanceHistorical restrictions on children with inherited cardiac arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy have been implemented to mitigate the potential risk of sudden death, but these limitations can be detrimental to overall health and cardiopulmonary fitness.ObjectivesTo evaluate cardiopulmonary fitness and physical activity among children with inherited cardiac disease and identify the factors associated with maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) in this population.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective controlled study was conducted in 7 tertiary care expert centers for inherited cardiac disease in France from February 1, 2021, to June 20, 2023, with a 2-week follow-up. Participants included 100 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years with inherited cardiac arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy who were compared with 107 sex- and age-matched controls.Main outcomes and measuresMaximum oxygen uptake was assessed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and results were expressed using pediatric reference z score values. The main determinants of V̇o2max included clinical (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class, treatment, echocardiographic, and electrocardiogram variables), functional (cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters), sociodemographic (sex, schooling, and parents' education), and behavioral (physical activity and motivation) characteristics.ResultsA total of 100 patients (mean [SD] age, 12.7 [3.1] years; 52 boys [52.0%]) and 107 controls (mean [SD] age, 11.7 [3.3] years; 54 boys [50.5%]) were included. The V̇o2max was lower in patients than controls, expressed as z scores (mean [SD] score, -1.49 [1.48] vs -0.16 [0.97]; P < .001) or raw values (mean [SD] value, 32.2 [7.9] vs 40.2 [8.5] mL/kg/min; P < .001). Moderate to vigorous physical activity levels were lower in patients than in controls (mean [SD] level, 42.0 [23.6] vs 48.2 [20.4] min/d; P = .009). The final multivariable model explained 80% of the V̇o2max by integrating clinical (lower NYHA functional class, absence of ventricular dilatation, and absence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator), functional (higher forced vital capacity and ventilatory anaerobic threshold), sociodemographic (male sex, normal progression of schooling, and higher maternal educational level), and behavioral (higher self-reported physical activity and motivation toward physical activity) parameters.Conclusions and relevanceThis cross-sectional study suggests that levels of cardiopulmonary fitness and physical activity were lower in children and adolescents with inherited cardiac disease than in healthy controls, even after adjusting for use of β-blockers and using modern pediatric reference models. Assessing cardiopulmonary fitness among children with inherited cardiac disease can contribute to engaging in a shared decision-making process for sports participation and preventive interventions, such as early cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Dataset Information

Predicting Psychosocial Health of Children and Adolescents with Obesity in Germany: The Underappreciated Role of Physical Fitness.

Publications

Predicting Psychosocial Health of Children and Adolescents with Obesity in Germany: The Underappreciated Role of Physical Fitness.

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