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Inhibitors of Human Divalent Metal Transporters DMT1 (SLC11A2) and ZIP8 (SLC39A8) from a GDB-17 Fragment Library.

ABSTRACT: Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are membrane proteins controlling fluxes across biological membranes and represent an emerging class of drug targets. Here we searched for inhibitors of divalent metal transporters in a library of 1,676 commercially available 3D-shaped fragment-like molecules from the generated database GDB-17, which lists all possible organic molecules up to 17 atoms of C, N, O, S and halogen following simple criteria for chemical stability and synthetic feasibility. While screening against DMT1 (SLC11A2), an iron transporter associated with hemochromatosis and for which only very few inhibitors are known, only yielded two weak inhibitors, our approach led to the discovery of the first inhibitor of ZIP8 (SLC39A8), a zinc transporter associated with manganese homeostasis and osteoarthritis but with no previously reported pharmacology, demonstrating that this target is druggable.

SUBMITTER: Pujol-Gimenez J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8596699 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inhibitors of Human Divalent Metal Transporters DMT1 (SLC11A2) and ZIP8 (SLC39A8) from a GDB-17 Fragment Library.

Pujol-Giménez Jonai J Poirier Marion M Bühlmann Sven S Schuppisser Céline C Bhardwaj Rajesh R Awale Mahendra M Visini Ricardo R Javor Sacha S Hediger Matthias A MA Reymond Jean-Louis JL

ChemMedChem 20210831 21

Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are membrane proteins controlling fluxes across biological membranes and represent an emerging class of drug targets. Here we searched for inhibitors of divalent metal transporters in a library of 1,676 commercially available 3D-shaped fragment-like molecules from the generated database GDB-17, which lists all possible organic molecules up to 17 atoms of C, N, O, S and halogen following simple criteria for chemical stability and synthetic feasibility. While screeni ...[more]

PMID: 34309203

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Project description:Abstract Objectives The SLC39A8 gene encodes a divalent metal transporter, ZIP8. ZIP8 polymorphisms are associated with pleiotropic effects including altered risks for schizophrenia. Our objective is to determine the different brain MRI phenotypes associated at or near the SLC39A8 (ZIP8) genetic locus using a phenome-wide association (PheWAS) approach followed by joint and conditional association analysis. Methods Using the summary statistics database containing brain MRI genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we systematically selected all brain MRI phenotypes which were associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 1 million bp of the SLC39A8 genetic locus, as defined as reaching a P-value significance cutoff of P < 5.0 × 10–8. For all brain MRI phenotypes reaching significance, we used GCTA-COJO to determine the number of independent association signals using settings of P < 1.0 × 10–5 and a window of 10 million base pairs. Using SNPclip and the European 1000 Genomes linkage panel with a linkage disequilibrium cutoff of r2 > 0.8, we identified SNP candidates at each index SNP. Linkage equilibrium for brain phenotypes with multiple independent signals was confirmed by LDpair. Results We identified 25 brain MRI phenotypes that vary due to MRI type and brain region that all contain a SNP associated with the SLC39A8 locus. All of these datasets have at least 1 index SNP directly labeling or in high linkage disequilibrium with rs13107325, which encodes a missense mutation in the SLC39A8 (ZIP8). Among the 25 datasets, an additional 4 association signals were identified by GCTA-COJO and confirmed to be in linkage equilibrium with rs13107325 using LDpair. For these additional association signals, probable causative SNPs were identified from the index SNP using SNPclip. Conclusions From the 25 brain MRI phenotypes, we identified new probable causative SNPs in addition to a previously reported missense SNP (rs13107325) associated with schizophrenia. This study provides leads into how SNPs in genes involved in trace metal transport influence brain structures and affect risks for schizophrenia. Funding Sources This work was funded by grants from the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Project description:Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients whose concentration and location within cells are tightly regulated at the onset of infection. Two families of Zn transporters (ZIPs and ZnTs) are largely responsible for regulation of cytosolic Zn levels and to a certain extent, Mn levels, although much less is known regarding Mn. The capacity of pathogens to persevere also depends on access to micronutrients, yet a fundamental gap in knowledge remains regarding the importance of metal exchange at the host interface, often referred to as nutritional immunity. ZIP8, one of 14 ZIPs, is a pivotal importer of both Zn and Mn, yet much remains to be known. Dietary Zn deficiency is common and commonly occurring polymorphic variants of ZIP8 that decrease cellular metal uptake (Zn and Mn), are associated with increased susceptibility to infection. Strikingly, ZIP8 is the only Zn transporter that is highly induced following bacterial exposure in key immune cells involved with host defense against leading pathogens. We postulate that mobilization of Zn and Mn into key cells orchestrates the innate immune response through regulation of fundamental defense mechanisms that include phagocytosis, signal transduction, and production of soluble host defense factors including cytokines and chemokines. New evidence also suggests that host metal uptake may have long-term consequences by influencing the adaptive immune response. Given that activation of ZIP8 expression by pathogens has been shown to influence parenchymal, myeloid, and lymphoid cells, the impact applies to all mucosal surfaces and tissue compartments that are vulnerable to infection. We also predict that perturbations in metal homeostasis, either genetic- or dietary-induced, has the potential to impact bacterial communities in the host thereby adversely impacting microbiome composition. This review will focus on Zn and Mn transport via ZIP8, and how this vital metal transporter serves as a "go to" conductor of metal uptake that bolsters host defense against pathogens. We will also leverage past studies to underscore areas for future research to better understand the Zn-, Mn- and ZIP8-dependent host response to infection to foster new micronutrient-based intervention strategies to improve our ability to prevent or treat commonly occurring infectious disease.

Project description:DMT1 (divalent metal-ion transporter 1) is a widely expressed metal-ion transporter that is vital for intestinal iron absorption and iron utilization by most cell types throughout the body, including erythroid precursors. Mutations in DMT1 cause severe microcytic anaemia in animal models. Four DMT1 isoforms that differ in their N- and C-termini arise from mRNA transcripts that vary both at their 5'-ends (starting in exon 1A or exon 1B) and at their 3'-ends giving rise to mRNAs containing (+) or lacking (-) the 3'-IRE (iron-responsive element) and resulting in altered C-terminal coding sequences. To determine whether these variations result in functional differences between isoforms, we explored the functional properties of each isoform using the voltage clamp and radiotracer assays in cRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. 1A/IRE+-DMT1 mediated Fe2+-evoked currents that were saturable (K(0.5)(Fe) approximately 1-2 microM), temperature-dependent (Q10 approximately 2), H+-dependent (K(0.5)(H) approximately 1 muM) and voltage-dependent. 1A/IRE+-DMT1 exhibited the provisional substrate profile (ranked on currents) Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+>Ni2+, V3+>>Pb2+. Zn2+ also evoked large currents; however, the zinc-evoked current was accounted for by H+ and Cl- conductances and was not associated with significant Zn2+ transport. 1B/IRE+-DMT1 exhibited the same substrate profile, Fe2+ affinity and dependence on the H+ electrochemical gradient. Each isoform mediated 55Fe2+ uptake and Fe2+-evoked currents at low extracellular pH. Whereas iron transport activity varied markedly between the four isoforms, the activity for each correlated with the density of anti-DMT1 immunostaining in the plasma membrane, and the turnover rate of the Fe2+ transport cycle did not differ between isoforms. Therefore all four isoforms of human DMT1 function as metal-ion transporters of equivalent efficiency. Our results reveal that the N- and C-terminal sequence variations among the DMT1 isoforms do not alter DMT1 functional properties. We therefore propose that these variations serve as tissue-specific signals or cues to direct DMT1 to the appropriate subcellular compartments (e.g. in erythroid cells) or the plasma membrane (e.g. in intestine).

Dataset Information

Inhibitors of Human Divalent Metal Transporters DMT1 (SLC11A2) and ZIP8 (SLC39A8) from a GDB-17 Fragment Library.

Publications

Inhibitors of Human Divalent Metal Transporters DMT1 (SLC11A2) and ZIP8 (SLC39A8) from a GDB-17 Fragment Library.

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