Roars, groans and moans: Anatomical correlates of vocal diversity in polygynous deer.

ABSTRACT: Eurasian deer are characterized by the extraordinary diversity of their vocal repertoires. Male sexual calls range from roars with relatively low fundamental frequency (hereafter f_o ) in red deer Cervus elaphus, to moans with extremely high f_o in sika deer Cervus nippon, and almost infrasonic groans with exceptionally low f_o in fallow deer Dama dama. Moreover, while both red and fallow males are capable of lowering their formant frequencies during their calls, sika males appear to lack this ability. Female contact calls are also characterized by relatively less pronounced, yet strong interspecific differences. The aim of this study is to examine the anatomical bases of these inter-specific and inter-sexual differences by identifying if the acoustic variatio

SUBMITTER: Frey R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8602020 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature