Dataset Information

Abusive and positive parenting behavior in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic under the state of emergency.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the lives of children and parents, raising concerns about child maltreatment.

Objective

We examined the prevalence of abusive parenting behavior during the pandemic of the COVID-19 and its relations with physical, psychological, and social factors and positive parenting behavior.

Participants and setting

An online survey was performed during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan. Participants were 5344 parents of children aged 0-17 years.

Methods

We conducted an anonymous online survey using multiple platforms, including websites of child-related organizations and social networking services (SNS). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with abusive behavior.

Results

One-fifth of parents reported abusive behaviors, whereas over 80% of parents reported positive parenting behaviors (e.g., empathizing with a child). Abusive parenting behaviors were associated with longer screen time (6+ hours per day: OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.05-1.98), poor maternal mental health (K6 = 13+: OR, 2.23; 95%CI, 1.71-2.89), and the occurrence of domestic violence (OR, 4.54; 95%CI, 3.47-5.95). Positive parenting behaviors, especially showing empathy, were associated with lower risks of abusive behaviors (OR, 0.51: 95%CI, 0.39-0.66).

Conclusions

Positive parenting behavior is essential to the prevention of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

SUBMITTER: Yamaoka Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8609455 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Abusive and positive parenting behavior in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic under the state of emergency.

Yamaoka Yui Y Hosozawa Mariko M Sampei Makiko M Sawada Naomi N Okubo Yusuke Y Tanaka Kyoko K Yamaguchi Arisa A Hangai Mayumi M Morisaki Naho N

Child abuse & neglect 20210717

<h4>Background</h4>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the lives of children and parents, raising concerns about child maltreatment.<h4>Objective</h4>We examined the prevalence of abusive parenting behavior during the pandemic of the COVID-19 and its relations with physical, psychological, and social factors and positive parenting behavior.<h4>Participants and setting</h4>An online survey was performed during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan. Participants were 53 ...[more]

PMID: 34298262

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Project description:IntroductionThe Japanese government declared a state of emergency (SoE) to control the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the requirements of these SoE were less stringent than those in other nations. It has not been assessed whether soft containment policies were sufficiently effective in the promotion of social distancing or the reduction of human contact.MethodsMobility changes across different travel destinations, such as, (a) retail and recreation spaces; (b) supermarkets and pharmacies; (c) parks; (d) public transportation; (e) workplaces; and (f) residential areas, were analysed using the Google mobility index to assess social distancing behaviour in all Japanese prefectures between 15 February 2020 and 21 September 2021. The changes were evaluated through the utilisation of an interrupted time-series analysis after adjustment for seasonality and various prefecture-specific fixed-effects, and distinguishment of potential heterogeneity across multiple SoEs and the time that had passed after the declaration.ResultsThe mobility index for retail and recreation exhibited an immediate decline of 7.94 percent-points (95%CI: -8.77 to -7.12) after the declaration of the SoE, and a further decline after the initial period (beta: -1.27 95%CI: -1.43 to -1.11). However, it gradually increased by 0.03 percent-points (95%CI: 0.02-0.03). This trend was similar for mobility in other places. Among the four SoEs, the overall decline in human mobility outside the home was the least significant in the third and fourth SoE, which suggests that people were less compliant with social distancing measures during these periods.ConclusionsAlthough government responses to the pandemic may aid the controlling of human mobility outside the home, their effectiveness may decrease if these interventions are repeated and enforced for extended periods. A combination of these with other measures (i.e. risk-communication strategies) would enable even mild containment and closure policies to effectively curb the spread of the virus.

Project description:ImportanceSeveral studies have demonstrated a decrease in the occurrence of child abuse in the US since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding has generated concern for missed cases due to the initial lockdowns and lack of childcare resources. Determining the association of the pandemic on hospitalizations for severe forms of abuse is essential to focus preventive efforts.ObjectiveTo examine trends in abusive head trauma (AHT) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective, multicenter, repeated cross-sectional study, conducted January 1, 2016, through April 30, 2022, with data from tertiary care children's hospitals and contributors to the Pediatric Health Information System. Data were obtained for 2380 hospitalizations of children younger than 5 years with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for both abuse and head trauma.Main outcomes and measuresMonthly hospitalizations were analyzed using interrupted time-series analysis. Hospitalization severity (eg, intensive care unit stay) and clinical characteristics (subdural hemorrhages and retinal hemorrhages) were compared before and after the start of the pandemic.ResultsWe identified 2380 hospitalizations due to AHT (median age, 140 [IQR, 75.0-325.5] days) from 45 hospitals. The mean (SD) monthly incidence of AHT was 34.3 (5.8) before the COVID-19 pandemic compared with 25.6 (4.2) during COVID-19 (a 25.4% decrease). When the pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 periods were compared, there were no significant differences in severity or clinical characteristics. On interrupted time-series analysis, there was a significant decrease in the number of monthly hospitalizations (-8.1; 95% CI, -12.41 to -3.72; P < .001) in the first month of the pandemic. In the subgroup of children younger than 1 year, there was a significant decrease in monthly hospitalizations at the onset of the pandemic (-8.2; 95% CI, -12.02 to -4.43; P < .001) followed by a significant temporal increase across the COVID-19 period (P = .01).Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest there was a significant decrease in monthly hospitalizations for AHT following the start of the pandemic in March 2020. Although there was no corresponding increase in hospitalization severity, the decrease during the pandemic may have been transient, as monthly hospitalizations for children younger than 1 year increased significantly over time during COVID-19, after the initial decrease.

Project description:IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in fertility rates worldwide. Although many regions have experienced a temporary drop in fertility rates with the spread of the infection, subsequent recovery has varied across countries. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection rates and regional sociodemographic factors on the recovery of fertility rates in Japan following the state of emergency.MethodsThis study examined prefectural fertility data from before the COVID-19 pandemic to forecast fertility rates up to 2022 using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model. A regression analysis was conducted on fertility rates during the first state of emergency and the subsequent recovery rate with respect to the number of new COVID-19 cases and sociodemographic factors specific to each prefecture.ResultsDuring the first state of emergency, the monthly fertility rate decreased by an average of -13.8% (SD: 6.26, min: -28.78, max: 0.15) compared with the previous year. Over the following 22 months, the average fertility recovery rate was +2.31% (SD: 3.57; min: -8.55, max: 19.54). Multivariate analysis of the impact of the pandemic on fertility changes during the first emergency indicated a negative correlation between new COVID-19 cases per capita and the proportion of nuclear households. No significant correlation was found between fertility recovery rate and new COVID-19 cases or emergency duration. When classifying fertility rate fluctuation patterns before and after the emergency into four clusters, variations were noted in the proportion of the elderly population, marriage divorce rate and the number of internet searches related to pregnancy intentions across the clusters.ConclusionsNo association was found between pregnancy intentions related to the spread of infection, such as the number of new cases and the fertility recovery rate following the first state of emergency. Differences in the patterns of decline and recovery during the pandemic were observed based on population composition and internet searches for infection and pregnancy across different prefectures.

Dataset Information

Abusive and positive parenting behavior in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic under the state of emergency.

Background

Objective

Participants and setting

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Abusive and positive parenting behavior in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic under the state of emergency.

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