Dataset Information

Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rarely occurs during pregnancy and presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. Traditionally, pregnancy has not readily been considered a risk factor for AMI in the emergency department despite the potential for adverse impacts on maternal and fetal health. As cardiovascular risk factors and advanced maternal age become more prevalent in society over time, the incidence will continue to increase. Prior cases with singular gestation have been reported; however, only one previous case during a twin pregnancy was identified in the medical literature.

Case report

We describe a rare case of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a 37-year-old woman at 24 weeks gestation with a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy.

Conclusion

It is important for the emergency physician to recognize acute coronary syndrome as a part of the differential diagnosis of chest pain in pregnant patients and be familiar with the diagnostic and management options available for this special population.

SUBMITTER: Michaelis T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8610456 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Michaelis Tony T Gunaga Satheesh S McKechnie Tyson T Shafiq Qaiser Q

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine 20211101 4

<h4>Introduction</h4>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rarely occurs during pregnancy and presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. Traditionally, pregnancy has not readily been considered a risk factor for AMI in the emergency department despite the potential for adverse impacts on maternal and fetal health. As cardiovascular risk factors and advanced maternal age become more prevalent in society over time, the incidence will continue to increase. Prior cases with singular gestati ...[more]

PMID: 34813459

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Project description:BackgroundEsophageal perforation is a rare but life-threatening condition associated with a high mortality rate and often presents with nonspecific clinical manifestations that can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. When combined with ST-segment elevation on electrocardiography (ECG), it can be particularly challenging to distinguish esophageal perforation from acute inferior myocardial infarction, as the two conditions may share similar ECG findings.Case descriptionWe report the case of a 65-year-old man with a significant history of long-term alcohol consumption who presented to our hospital (the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) with persistent oppressive pain in the anterior and posterior left chest. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome based on the ECG findings, which showed Q-wave and ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads. However, further dynamic monitoring of myocardial necrosis markers, including myoglobin and troponin I, yielded negative results inconsistent with acute myocardial infarction. Subsequent enhanced computed tomography revealed thickening and discontinuity of the wall of the thoracic esophagus with an irregular, mixed-density shadowing of the surrounding soft tissue confirming the diagnosis of esophageal rupture. Despite prompt recognition and transfer to a hospital with surgical capabilities, the patient tragically succumbed to esophageal rupture and hemorrhage while awaiting surgery.ConclusionsThis case highlights the importance of maintaining a broad differential, including esophageal rupture, in patients exhibiting necrotic Q waves and ST-segment elevation in the inferior wall of the ECG, especially in the absence of reciprocal changes in the lateral leads and the lack of abnormal markers of myocardial necrosis. Prompt recognition of this rare but potentially fatal condition is crucial for initiating appropriate treatment and improving patient outcomes. Emergency physicians should be aware of this atypical presentation of esophageal perforation mimicking an acute myocardial infarction and consider this differential diagnosis when faced with discordant clinical and diagnostic findings.

Project description:IntroductionAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a specific type of coronary artery disease (CAD) caused by the rupture of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare phenotype of cardiovascular disease that may promote thrombosis and inflammatory responses leading to myocardial infarction due to abnormal dilatation of blood vessels and coronary blood flow disorders. It is a complicated disease and shows interaction between genetic and environmental factors.Patient concernsA 34-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital on May 12, 2016, with complaints of chest pain for 1 hour duration.DiagnosisCoronary angiography through the emergency medical service (EMS) system showed 100% occlusion at the first turning point of the right coronary artery (RCA), along with tumor-like expansion of the proximal segment of the RCA and the end of the left main (LM) artery. The patient was diagnosed with AMI and CAE. Three-point mutations in the ATG16L1 gene were identified by direct sequencing.InterventionsAfter admission, the patient underwent emergency green channel coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to assess and unblock the stenosis and occlusion of the RCA lumen, but no stenting was performed because the catheter could not pass the second inflection point of the RCA. Aspirin enteric-coated tablets, clopidogrel sulfate tablets, tirofiban hydrochloride, and low molecular weight heparin calcium were given as anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy. Atorvastatin calcium tablets were used to regulate blood lipid levels. Perindopril and spironolactone were used to inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to reverse myocardial remodeling. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ACEI) and beta blockers were administered to resist ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function and prognosis after the patient's blood pressure and heart rhythm were stabilized.OutcomesAfter active rescue treatment, the patient recovered and was discharged. A coronary angiogram performed 2 years later showed that the RCA blood flow was restored, and the patient had recovered well.ConclusionThree-point mutations in the ATG16L1 gene were identified in a patient with AMI and CAE, which extended the mutation spectrum of the ATG16L1 gene. Hence, the etiology of coronary artery aneurysmal dilatation is worthy of further investigation.

Dataset Information

Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Introduction

Case report

Conclusion

Publications

Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Similar Datasets

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