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The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits.

ABSTRACT: The marvelously diverse Orchidaceae constitutes the largest family of angiosperms. The genus Cymbidium in Orchidaceae is well known for its unique vegetation, floral morphology, and flower scent traits. Here, a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Cymbidium ensifolium (Jianlan) is presented. Comparative genomic analysis showed that C. ensifolium has experienced two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, the most recent of which was shared by all orchids, while the older event was the τ event shared by most monocots. The results of MADS-box genes analysis provided support for establishing a unique gene model of orchid flower development regulation, and flower shape mutations in C. ensifolium were shown to be associated with the abnormal expression of MADS-box genes. The most abundant floral scent components identified included methyl jasmonate, acacia alcohol and linalool, and the genes involved in the floral scent component network of C. ensifolium were determined. Furthermore, the decreased expression of photosynthesis-antennae and photosynthesis metabolic pathway genes in leaves was shown to result in colorful striped leaves, while the increased expression of MADS-box genes in leaves led to perianth-like leaves. Our results provide fundamental insights into orchid evolution and diversification.

SUBMITTER: Ai Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8633000 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits.

Ai Ye Y Li Zhen Z Sun Wei-Hong WH Chen Juan J Zhang Diyang D Ma Liang L Zhang Qing-Hua QH Chen Ming-Kun MK Zheng Qing-Dong QD Liu Jiang-Feng JF Jiang Yu-Ting YT Li Bai-Jun BJ Liu Xuedie X Xu Xin-Yu XY Yu Xia X Zheng Yu Y Liao Xing-Yu XY Zhou Zhuang Z Wang Jie-Yu JY Wang Zhi-Wen ZW Xie Tai-Xiang TX Ma Shan-Hu SH Zhou Jie J Ke Yu-Jie YJ Zhou Yu-Zhen YZ Lu Hsiang-Chia HC Liu Ke-Wei KW Yang Feng-Xi FX Zhu Gen-Fa GF Huang Laiqiang L Peng Dong-Hui DH Chen Shi-Pin SP Lan Siren S Van de Peer Yves Y Liu Zhong-Jian ZJ

Horticulture research 20211201 1

The marvelously diverse Orchidaceae constitutes the largest family of angiosperms. The genus Cymbidium in Orchidaceae is well known for its unique vegetation, floral morphology, and flower scent traits. Here, a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Cymbidium ensifolium (Jianlan) is presented. Comparative genomic analysis showed that C. ensifolium has experienced two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, the most recent of which was shared by all orchids, while the older event was the τ eve ...[more]

PMID: 34848682

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The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits.

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The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits.

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