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The chloroplast genome of Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski (Poaceae: Triticeae), a widespread perennial grass from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.

ABSTRACT: Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, belonging to Triticeae of Poaceae, is a wild-growing perennial grass, widely distributed in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of E. repens was sequenced and analyzed. The complete chloroplast genome size is 134,749 bp with 38.3% GC content. It includes 136 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNAs genes, and 8 rRNAs genes. Based on chloroplast genome sequences, further phylogenetic analyses between E. repens and other Triticeae species revealed that E. repens, Connorochloa tenuis and three Elymus species formed a distinct clade, showing closer relationships.

SUBMITTER: Jiang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8635613 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The chloroplast genome of Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski (Poaceae: Triticeae), a widespread perennial grass from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.

Jiang Liling L Huang Xinrong X Jin Yaotao Y E Ling L Ren Qingji Q Li Shengbin S An Haimei H Huang Shengxiong S

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20211128 12

Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, belonging to Triticeae of Poaceae, is a wild-growing perennial grass, widely distributed in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of E. repens was sequenced and analyzed. The complete chloroplast genome size is 134,749 bp with 38.3% GC content. It includes 136 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNAs genes, and 8 rRNAs genes. Based on chloroplast genome sequences, further phylogenetic analyses ...[more]

PMID: 34869887

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Project description:BackgroundInterspecific hybridisation resulting in polyploidy is one of the major driving forces in plant evolution. Here, we present data from the molecular cytogenetic analysis of three cytotypes of Elytrigia ×mucronata using sequential fluorescence (5S rDNA, 18S rDNA and pSc119.2 probes) and genomic in situ hybridisation (four genomic probes of diploid taxa, i.e., Aegilops, Dasypyrum, Hordeum and Pseudoroegneria).ResultsThe concurrent presence of Hordeum (descended from E. repens) and Dasypyrum + Aegilops (descended from E. intermedia) chromosome sets in all cytotypes of E. ×mucronata confirmed the assumed hybrid origin of the analysed plants. The following different genomic constitutions were observed for E. ×mucronata. Hexaploid plants exhibited three chromosome sets from Pseudoroegneria and one chromosome set each from Aegilops, Hordeum and Dasypyrum. Heptaploid plants harboured the six chromosome sets of the hexaploid plants and an additional Pseudoroegneria chromosome set. Nonaploid cytotypes differed in their genomic constitutions, reflecting different origins through the fusion of reduced and unreduced gametes. The hybridisation patterns of repetitive sequences (5S rDNA, 18S rDNA, and pSc119.2) in E. ×mucronata varied between and within cytotypes. Chromosome alterations that were not identified in the parental species were found in both heptaploid and some nonaploid plants.ConclusionsThe results confirmed that both homoploid hybridisation and heteroploid hybridisation that lead to the coexistence of four different haplomes within single hybrid genomes occur in Elytrigia allopolyploids. The chromosomal alterations observed in both heptaploid and some nonaploid plants indicated that genome restructuring occurs during and/or after the hybrids arose. Moreover, a specific chromosomal translocation detected in one of the nonaploids indicated that it was not a primary hybrid. Therefore, at least some of the hybrids are fertile. Hybridisation in Triticeae allopolyploids clearly and significantly contributes to genomic diversity. Different combinations of parental haplomes coupled with chromosomal alterations may result in the establishment of unique lineages, thus providing raw material for selection.

Project description:As significant evidence of ice-rich permafrost degradation due to climate warming, thermokarst lake was developing and undergoing substantial changes. Thermokarst lake was an essential ecosystem component, which significantly impacted the global carbon cycle, hydrology process and the stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor. In this paper, based on Sentinel-2 (2021) and Landsat (1988-2020) images, thermokarst lakes within a 5000 m range along both sides of Qinghai-Tibet Highway were extracted to analyse the spatio-temporal variations. The results showed that the number and area of thermokarst lake in 2021 were 3965 and 4038.6 ha (1 ha = 10,000 m[Formula: see text]), with an average size of 1.0186 ha. Small thermokarst lakes ([Formula: see text]1 ha) accounted for 85.65% of the entire lake count, and large thermokarst lakes ([Formula: see text]10 ha) occupied for 44.92% of the whole lake area. In all sub-regions, the number of small lake far exceeds 75% of the total lake number in each sub-region. R1 sub-region (around Wudaoliang region) had the maximum number density of thermokarst lakes with 0.0071, and R6 sub-region (around Anduo region) had the minimum number density with 0.0032. Thermokarst lakes were mainly distributed within elevation range of 4300 m-5000 m a.s.l. (94.27% and 97.13% of the total number and size), on flat terrain with slopes less than 3[Formula: see text] (99.17% and 98.47% of the total number and surface) and in the north, south, and southeast aspects (51.98% and 50.00% of the total number and area). Thermokarst lakes were significantly developed in warm permafrost region with mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) > - 1.5 [Formula: see text]C, accounting for 47.39% and 54.38% of the total count and coverage, respectively. From 1988 to 2020, in spite of shrinkage or even drain of small portion of thermokarst lake, there was a general expansion trend of thermokarst lake with increase in number of 195 (8.58%) and area of 1160.19 ha (41.36%), which decreased during 1988-1995 (- 702 each year and - 706.27 ha/yr) and then increased during 1995-2020 (184.96-702 each year and 360.82 ha/yr). This significant expansion was attributed to ground ice melting as rising air temperature at a rate of 0.03-0.04 [Formula: see text]C/yr. Followed by the increasing precipitation (1.76-3.07 mm/yr) that accelerated the injection of water into lake.

Dataset Information

The chloroplast genome of Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski (Poaceae: Triticeae), a widespread perennial grass from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.

Publications

The chloroplast genome of <i>Elytrigia repens</i> (L.) Nevski (Poaceae: Triticeae), a widespread perennial grass from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.

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