Project description:Three new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Cerioporus yunnanensis, Perenniporiopsis sinensis, and Sarcoporia yunnanensis, are proposed based on a combination of the morphological features and molecular evidence. Cerioporus yunnanensis is characterized by the pileate basidiomata having a fawn brown to black pileal surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the fusoid cystidioles and cylindrical basidiospores (9-12.5 × 3.5-5 µm). Perenniporiopsis sinensis is distinct from the osseous pileus with verrucose, an orange-yellow to dark reddish-brown pileal surface with a cream margin, a trimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the fusiform cystidioles and ellipsoid basidiospores (9-11 × 5.5-6.5 µm). Sarcoporia yunnanensis is typical of the pileate basidiomata with a salmon to reddish-brown pileal surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the ellipsoid basidiospores (4-5.5 × 2.5-4 µm). Sequences of ITS + nLSU + mt-SSU + TEF1 + RPB1 + RPB2 genes were used for the phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The multiple genes with six loci analysis showed that the three new species nested within the order Polyporales, in which C. yunnanensis and P. sinensis nested into the family Polyporaceae, and S. yunnanensis grouped into the family Sarcoporiaceae.

| S-EPMC10817363 | biostudies-literature

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species of Diaporthe from Yunnan, China.

Project description:Species of Diaporthe have often been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes or saprobes, commonly isolated from a wide range of plant hosts. Sixteen strains isolated from species of ten host genera in Yunnan Province, China, represented three new species of Diaporthe, D. chrysalidocarpi, D. machili and D. pometiae as well as five known species D. arecae, D. hongkongensis, D. middletonii, D. osmanthi and D. pandanicola. Morphological comparisons with known species and DNA-based phylogenies based on the analysis of a multigene (ITS, TUB, TEF, CAL and HIS) dataset support the establishment of the new species. This study reveals that a high species diversity of Diaporthe with wide host ranges occur in tropical rainforest in Yunnan Province, China.

| S-EPMC7910272 | biostudies-literature

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new Penicillium species isolated from the ancient Great Wall loess in Beijing, China.

Project description:IntroductionPenicillium species exhibit a broad distribution in nature and play a crucial role in human and ecological environments.MethodsTwo Penicillium species isolated from the ancient Great Wall loess in the Mentougou District of Beijing, China, were identified and described as new species, namely, Penicillium acidogenicum and P. floccosum, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of multiple genes including ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2 genes.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses showed that both novel species formed a distinctive lineage and that they were most closely related to P. chrzaszczii and P. osmophilum, respectively.DiscussionPenicillium acidogenicum is characterized by biverticillate conidiophores that produce globose conidia and is distinguished from similar species by its capacity to grow on CYA at 30°C. Penicillium floccosum is typically recognized by its restricted growth and floccose colony texture. The description of these two new species provided additional knowledge and new insights into the ecology and distribution of Penicillium.

| S-EPMC10978590 | biostudies-literature

Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three New Species of Entomopathogenic Fungi Belonging to Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota).

Project description:This study aims to report three new species of Conoideocrella and Moelleriella from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Species of Conoideocrella and Moelleriella parasitize scale insects (Coccidae and Lecaniidae, Hemiptera) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae, Hemiptera). Based on the phylogenetic analyses of the three-gene nrLSU, tef-1α, and rpb1, it showed one new record species (Conoideocrella tenuis) and one new species (Conoideocrella fenshuilingensis sp. nov.) in the genus Conoideocrella, and two new species, i.e., Moelleriella longzhuensis sp. nov. and Moelleriella jinuoana sp. nov. in the genus Moelleriella. The three new species were each clustered into separate clades that distinguished themselves from one another. All of them were distinguishable from their allied species based on their morphology. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons of the allied taxa of the four species are provided in the present paper. In addition, calculations of intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were performed for Moelleriella and Conoideocrella.

| S-EPMC11204714 | biostudies-literature

An Updated List of Generic Names in the Thoracosphaeraceae.

Project description:Calcareous dinophytes produce exoskeletal calcified structures during their life history (a unique character among the alveolates) and are subsumed under the Thoracosphaeraceae as part of the Peridiniales. We provide a brief synopsis about the taxonomic history of the group, from the first descriptions of fossils in the 19th century through to the results of molecular phylogenetics studies undertaken during the past two decades. Delimitation and circumscription of the Thoracosphaeraceae are challenging, as they comprise both phototrophic (presumably including endosymbiotic) as well as heterotrophic (and even parasitic) dinophytes from marine and freshwater environments, respectively. However, calcareous structures are not known from all members of the Thoracosphaeraceae, and the corresponding species and groups are considered to have lost the capacity to calcify. Five years ago, a taxonomic list of 99 generic names assigned to the Thoracosphaeraceae was published, and we update this compendium with 19 additional names based on recent studies.

| S-EPMC5029491 | biostudies-literature

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species and one new record of Tubeufia (Tubeufiales, Tubeufiaceae) from southern China.

Project description:During an investigation of helicosporous fungi in China, a total of seven helicosporous hyphomycetes were obtained from decaying wood in the southern region of the country. Based on phylogenetic analyses using a combined LSU, ITS, tef1α, and rpb2 sequence matrix, in conjunction with morphological comparisons, these taxa were classified within Tubeufia (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) and were recognized as three new species, viz. Tubeufiaguttulata, T.hainanensis, and T.muriformis, as well as one new distribution record, viz. T.cocois. Evidence for these new taxa and the new record, descriptions, illustrations, notes, and phylogenetic evidence are provided for the newly collected helicosporous species.

| S-EPMC10442694 | biostudies-literature

Three Mitochondrial Genomes of Chrysochroinae (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) and Phylogenetic Analyses.

Project description:Three mitochondrial genomes of Chrysochroinae (Buprestidae) were sequenced and analyzed. The mitogenomes of the genera Catoxantha and Nipponobuprestis are first reportedand Chrysochroa opulenta is a first record for China. The complete mitogenomes of Catoxantha luodiana, Nipponobuprestis guangxiensis and Chrysochroa opulenta exhibit striking similarities in their lengths and composition. Specifically, their lengths are 15,594 bp, 15,775 bp and 15,587 bp, respectively. Each of these genomes encodes 37 typical mitochondrial genes. The overwhelming majority of protein-coding genes (PCGs) have the typical ATN (ATT, ATA, ATG or ATC) as the start codon and terminate with TAR (TAA or TAG) as the stop codon or an incomplete stop codon T-. Among the three mitogenomes, Leu2, Ser2 and Phe were the most frequently encoded amino acids. In the PCGs, the Ka/Ks ratio of cox1 is the lowest, whereas atp6 has the highest value. This suggests that cox1 can be used as a molecular barcode for species delimitation and phylogeny in Chrysochroinae. The phylogenetic results showed that C. luodiana and two Chrysochroa species formed a clade. Based on the topology of the phylogenetic tree, the genus Catoxantha should be reassigned as a subgenus of Chrysochroa.

| S-EPMC11506987 | biostudies-literature

Three New Sesquiterpenoids from the Algal-Derived Fungus Penicillium chermesinum EN-480.

Project description:Secondary metabolites obtained from marine-derived fungi are rich sources of drug candidates. Three new sesquiterpenoids, chermesiterpenoids A-C (1-3), along with four known alkaloids (4-7), were isolated and identified from the marine red algal-derived fungus Penicillium chermesinum EN-480. The structures of these new sesquiterpenoids were elucidated using detailed analysis of the NMR data and their relative configurations were elucidated using nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectra as well as gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR shift calculations and DP4+ probability analysis. Their absolute configurations were determined using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and modified Mosher's method. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited potent activities against human and aquatic pathogenic bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi.

| S-EPMC7230704 | biostudies-literature