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Case Report: A Human Case of Onchocerca lupi Mimicking Nodular Scleritis.

ABSTRACT: We report a case of human ocular onchocerciasis by zoonotic Onchocerca lupi presenting as nodular scleritis. Molecular analyses were used to confirm diagnosis at species level. In addition to few existing reports of human infection by O. lupi in Turkey, this case further suggests that the pathogen might be more common than previously reported, thus requiring further attention and investigations.

SUBMITTER: Hasanreisoglu M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8641321 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Case Report: A Human Case of Onchocerca lupi Mimicking Nodular Scleritis.

Hasanreisoglu Murat M Halim Muhammad Sohail MS Latrofa Maria Stefania MS Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso JA Ogut Betull B Yilmaz Mervenur M Tefon Aribas Atike Burcin AB Caglar Kayhan K Gonul Ipek Isik II Dogruman-Al Funda F Nguyen Quan Dong QD Otranto Domenico D

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 20210920 6

We report a case of human ocular onchocerciasis by zoonotic Onchocerca lupi presenting as nodular scleritis. Molecular analyses were used to confirm diagnosis at species level. In addition to few existing reports of human infection by O. lupi in Turkey, this case further suggests that the pathogen might be more common than previously reported, thus requiring further attention and investigations. ...[more]

PMID: 34544040

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Nodular Scleritis as Isolated Symptom of IgG4-Related Disease, Mimicking as Conjunctival Lymphoma: A Case Report.

Project description:IntroductionImmunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic, immune-mediated disorder marked by the infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and fibrosis in affected organs. This report presents a rare case of a patient with isolated nodular scleritis as an IgG4-RD (in a more precise way antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis [AAV] and IgG4-RD overlap syndrome).Case presentationA 51-year-old woman was referred with the presumed diagnosis of conjunctival lymphoma due to a painful, salmon-colored lesion in the superior conjunctiva of the right eye. A biopsy of the conjunctiva showed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with multiple IgG4-positive cells (>200 cells/high power field), elevated IgG4/IgG ratio of 66% and fibrotic tissue without obvious vasculitis, confirming the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). ANCAs directly against myeloperoxidase were also positive, suggesting AAV. Given that the clinical signs align with both disease entities, it was concluded that the case fits in its restricted sense the newly described overlap syndrome. The scleritis was successfully treated with a tapering dose of corticosteroids and rituximab.ConclusionThis case illustrates a rare presentation of scleritis as an IgG4-RD (in a more precise way AAV and IgG4-RD overlap syndrome) and demonstrates that rituximab and low dose of corticosteroids can lead to remission.

| S-EPMC11842084 | biostudies-literature

Case report: First evidence of human zoonotic infection by Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida, Onchocercidae).

Project description:In the past decades, cases of canine ocular onchocercosis have been reported worldwide, particularly in the United States and Europe. Onchocerca lupi, originally described from a wolf, has been implicated in some of these cases, and its zoonotic role has been hypothesized on the basis of the reexamination of two cases of human ocular onchocerciasis. In the present study, we describe, for the first time, the occurrence of O. lupi in the subconjunctival region of the human eye in a patient from Turkey. The nematode was identified as O. lupi based on its morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of partial cox1 and 12S ribosomal DNA genes. The results suggest that O. lupi should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other eye parasitic infections in humans. The role of dogs as natural hosts of O. lupi and the vectors of this zoonotic parasite need to be investigated.

| S-EPMC3005520 | biostudies-literature

Nodular posterior scleritis associated with presumed ocular tuberculosis: A multimodal imaging case report.

Project description:PurposeTo describe a patient with nodular posterior scleritis associated with presumed ocular tuberculosis (TB).ObservationsA 25-year-old Caucasian man reported metamorphopsia in the right eye (OD). He had lost the vision in his left eye when he was 15 years old. The visual acuity (VA) levels were 20/20 and light perception in the right and left eyes, respectively. Wide-field color fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound suggested an inflammatory condition associated with an elevated lesion in the choroid/sclera. The purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test and all other screening tests were negative. A diagnosis of presumed nodular posterior scleritis was made and after oral corticosteroid therapy, the VA decreased to 20/100 OD associated with a red and painful eye. Subsequently a QuantiFERON-TB test was positive, tuberculosis (TB) treatment was started and the corticosteroid dose was increased. Three months after treatment, the pain resolved and the vision OD recovered to 20/20.Conclusions and importanceNodular posterior scleritis can be associated with ocular TB that did not have a pulmonary manifestation. Rigorous testing is required in order to prevent visual loss in this disease that is not easily diagnosed.

| S-EPMC6804507 | biostudies-literature

Onchocerca lupi

Project description:Coyotes as a reservoir for the emerging zoonotic parasite, Onchocerca lupi, in the southwestern United States

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Onchocerca lupi

Project description:Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as putative vectors of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in Northern Arizona and New Mexico, southwestern United States

| PRJNA890670 | ENA

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Project description:COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME OF ONCHOCERCA LUPI (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)

| PRJNA733160 | ENA

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| PRJNA802584 | ENA

Onchocerca lupi Nematode in Cat, Portugal.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC4672443 | biostudies-literature

Case Report: A New Geographic Area for the Presence of the Zoonotic Ocular Nematode, <i>Onchocerca lupi</i> in Romania.

Project description:IntroductionOnchocerca lupi is a zoonotic parasite of carnivores reported in countries from Europe, North America, Asia and Africa. In Romania, canine ocular onchocercosis was first reported in dogs in 2016 from Târgovişte (Dâmboviţa County) and Oneşti (Bacău County) and more recently, it was detected in an adult stray dog exported to UK from an unspecified location in Romania.MethodsA 4-years old male mongrel dog was referred to a private veterinary clinic in Năvodari (Constanţa County), Romania due to ocular disorders. The dog was originally from a public dog shelter in Balş (Olt County) and transferred in June 2020 to a dog shelter in Medgidia (Constanţa County). A cytological examination followed by surgical removal of the granuloma localized at the internal angle of the right eye, and molecular identification of the extracted nematode were done.ResultsThe cytological examination confirmed a parasitic granuloma. Skin biopsy and PCR confirmed the infection with O. lupi. Two doses of moxidectin and imidacloprid were administered after the surgery. No relapse observed after a period of follo-up of 11 months.ConclusionOnchocerca lupi is present in dogs from Romania with its actual distribution remaining unknown.

| S-EPMC9305847 | biostudies-literature

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