Interspecies variation in hominid gut microbiota controls host gene regulation.

ABSTRACT: The gut microbiome exhibits extreme compositional variation between hominid hosts. However, it is unclear how this variation impacts host physiology across species and whether this effect can be mediated through microbial regulation of host gene expression in interacting epithelial cells. Here, we characterize the transcriptional response of human colonic epithelial cells in vitro to live microbial communities extracted from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. We find that most host genes exhibit a conserved response, whereby they respond similarly to the four hominid microbiomes. However, hundreds of host genes exhibit a divergent response, whereby they respond only to microbiomes from specific host species. Such genes are associated with intestinal diseases in humans, includin

SUBMITTER: Muehlbauer AL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8647622 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature