Dataset Information

Tropospheric NO₂ and O₃ Response to COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany.

ABSTRACT: This study estimates the influence of anthropogenic emission reductions on nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) and ozone ( O3 ) concentration changes in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic period using in-situ surface and Sentinel-5 Precursor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite column measurements and GEOS-Chem model simulations. We show that reductions in anthropogenic emissions in eight German metropolitan areas reduced mean in-situ (& column) NO2 concentrations by 23 % (& 16 % ) between March 21 and June 30, 2020 after accounting for meteorology, whereas the corresponding mean in-situ O3 concentration increased by 4 % between March 21 and May 31, 2020, and decreased by 3 % in June 2020, compared to 2019. In the winter and spring, the degree of NOX saturation of ozone production is stronger than in the summer. This implies that future reductions in NOX emissions in these metropolitan areas are likely to increase ozone pollution during winter and spring if appropriate mitigation measures are not implemented. TROPOMI NO2 concentrations decreased nationwide during the stricter lockdown period after accounting for meteorology with the exception of North-West Germany which can be attributed to enhanced NOX emissions from agricultural soils.

SUBMITTER: Balamurugan V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8667658 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Response to COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany.

Balamurugan Vigneshkumar V Chen Jia J Qu Zhen Z Bi Xiao X Gensheimer Johannes J Shekhar Ankit A Bhattacharjee Shrutilipi S Keutsch Frank N FN

Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres : JGR 20210927 19

This study estimates the influence of anthropogenic emission reductions on nitrogen dioxide ( N O 2 ) and ozone ( O 3 ) concentration changes in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic period using in-situ surface and Sentinel-5 Precursor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite column measurements and GEOS-Chem model simulations. We show that reductions in anthropogenic emissions in eight German metropolitan areas reduced mean in-situ (& column) N O 2 concentrations by 23 % (& 1 ...[more]

PMID: 34926104

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Project description:IntroductionThe South African government enforced various alcohol sale restrictions during the COVID-19 lockdown in order to reduce hospital admissions related to alcohol-associated injuries. A cross-sectional study was performed to describe the temporal changes in trauma according to alcohol sale restrictions during the South African national COVID-19 lockdown.MethodsData from all trauma-related patients presenting to the emergency centre of Mitchells Plain Hospital from 01/03/2020 till 29/9/2020 and corresponding periods during 2019 were exported from an existing database. The relationship between variables was determined with the χ2-test, Fisher's exact test, independent samples median test or t-test. A sub-analysis compared similar 2020 lockdown levels when a second alcohol ban were instituted while most business were allowed to operate (level 3b - alcohol banned versus level 3 - alcohol restricted).ResultsTotal number of trauma presentations were 539 (14.6%) less in 2020 (n = 3160) than in 2019 (n = 3699); the mean number decreased by 2.5 per day (95% CI -2.9 to -2.1). Lockdown levels with an alcohol ban had on average 4.8 less patients per day than corresponding periods in 2019 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in lockdown levels with alcohol sale restrictions (mean difference per day -0.4, p = 0.195). Trauma presentations increased significantly (mean difference per day 7.0 (95% CI 6.5 to 7.5)) from 2020 lockdown levels with alcohol sales ban (mean per day 11.4) to 2020 lockdown levels with alcohol sale restrictions (mean per day 18.4). Significantly less patients (mean -3.2 (95% CI -3.9 to -2.5)) presented during 2020 lockdown level 3b (alcohol sales banned, mean 13.9) compared to level 3 (alcohol sales restricted, mean 17.1).ConclusionTemporal changes in trauma were observed according to alcohol sale restrictions during South Africa's COVID-19 lockdown periods. Significantly less trauma cases presented during periods with an alcohol ban compared to periods where alcohol sales were only restricted.

Project description:BackgroundA growing literature has documented the high global morbidity, mortality and mental health burden associated with the current Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we aimed to quantify the total utility and quality of life loss resulting from Covid-19-related government restrictions imposed at the national, regional and global levels.MethodsWe conducted quality of life online surveys in France, India, Italy, UK and the United States of America between June 21st and September 13th 2021, and used regression models to estimate the average quality of life loss due to light and severe restrictions in these countries. We then combined estimated disutility weights from the pooled sample with the latest data on Covid-19 restrictions exposure in each country to estimate the total disutility generated by restrictions at the national, regional and global level. We also embedded a discrete choice experiment (DCE) into the online survey to estimate average willingness to pay to avoid specific restrictions.FindingsA total of 947 surveys were completed. Thirty-five percent of respondents were female, and 69.5% were between 18 and 39 years old. The weighted average utility weight was 0.71 (95% CIs 0.69-0.74) for light restrictions, and 0.65 (0.63-0.68) for severe restrictions. At the global scale, this implies a total loss of 3259 million QALYs (95% 3021, 3496) as of September 6th, 2021, with the highest burden in lower and upper middle-income countries. Utility losses appear to be particularly large for closures of schools and daycares as well as restaurants and bars, and seem relatively small for wearing masks and travel restrictions.InterpretationThe results presented here suggest that the QALY losses due to restrictions are substantial. Future mitigation strategies should try to balance potential reductions in disease transmission achievable through specific measures against their respective impact on quality of life. Additional research is needed to determine differences in restriction-specific disutilities across countries, and to determine optimal policy responses to similar future disease threats.FundingNo funding was received for this project.

Dataset Information

Tropospheric NO₂ and O₃ Response to COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany.

Publications

Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Response to COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany.

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Dataset Information

Tropospheric NO2 and O3 Response to COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany.

Publications

Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Response to COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Tropospheric NO₂ and O₃ Response to COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany.