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Printability during projection-based 3D bioprinting.

ABSTRACT: Since projection-based 3D bioprinting (PBP) could provide high resolution, it is well suited for printing delicate structures for tissue regeneration. However, the low crosslinking density and low photo-crosslinking rate of photocurable bioink make it difficult to print fine structures. Currently, an in-depth understanding of the is lacking. Here, a research framework is established for the analysis of printability during PBP. The gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioink is used as an example, and the printability is systematically investigated. We analyze the photo-crosslinking reactions during the PBP process and summarize the specific requirements of bioinks for PBP. Two standard quantized models are established to evaluate 2D and 3D printing errors. Finally, the better strategies for bioprinting five typical structures, including solid organs, vascular structures, nerve conduits, thin-wall scaffolds, and micro needles, are presented.

SUBMITTER: Yu K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8668440 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Printability during projection-based 3D bioprinting.

Yu Kang K Zhang Xinjie X Sun Yuan Y Gao Qing Q Fu Jianzhong J Cai Xiujun X He Yong Y

Bioactive materials 20210921

Since projection-based 3D bioprinting (PBP) could provide high resolution, it is well suited for printing delicate structures for tissue regeneration. However, the low crosslinking density and low photo-crosslinking rate of photocurable bioink make it difficult to print fine structures. Currently, an in-depth understanding of the is lacking. Here, a research framework is established for the analysis of printability during PBP. The gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioink is used as an example, ...[more]

PMID: 34977430

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Project description:The 3D printability of poly(l-lysine-ran-l-alanine) and four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (P(KA)/4-PEG) hydrogels as 3D biomaterial inks was investigated using two approaches to develop P(KA)/4-PEG into 3D biomaterial inks. Only the "composite microgel" inks were 3D printable. In this approach, P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels were processed into microparticles and incorporated into a polymer solution to produce a composite microgel paste. Polymer solutions composed of either 4-arm PEG-acrylate (4-PEG-Ac), chitosan (CS), or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used as the matrix material for the composite paste. The three respective composite microgel inks displayed good 3D printability in terms of extrudability, layer-stacking ability, solidification mechanism, and 3D print fidelity. The biocompatibility of P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels was retained in the 3D printed scaffolds, and the biofunctionality of bioinert 4-PEG and PVA hydrogels was enhanced. CS-P(KA)/4-PEG inks demonstrated excellent 3D printability and proved highly successful in printing scaffolds with a narrow strand diameter (∼200 μm) and narrow strand spacing (∼500 μm) while the integrity of the vertical and horizontal pores was maintained. Using different needle IDs and strand spacing, certain physical properties of the hydrogels could be tuned, while the 3D printed porosity was kept constant. This included the surface area to volume ratio, the macropore sizes, and the mechanical properties. The scaffolds demonstrated adequate adhesion and spreading of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts seeded on the scaffold surfaces for 4 days. Consequently, the scaffolds were considered suitable for potential applications in wound healing, as well as other soft tissue engineering applications. Apart from the contribution to new 3D biomaterial inks, this work also presented a new and facile method of processing covalently cross-linked hydrogels into 3D printed scaffolds. This could potentially "unlock" the 3D printability of biofunctional hydrogels, which are generally excluded from 3D printing applications.

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Printability during projection-based 3D bioprinting.

Publications

Printability during projection-based 3D bioprinting.

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