Risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts by maternal rural-urban residence and race/ethnicity: A population-based case-control study in Washington State 1989-2014.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Orofacial clefts (OFC) have multifactorial aetiology. Established risk factors explain a small proportion of cases.

Objectives

To evaluate OFC risk by maternal rural residence and race/ethnicity, and test whether these associations changed after US-mandated folic acid fortification.

Methods

This population-based case-control study included all non-syndromic OFC cases among Washington State singleton livebirths between 1989-2014 and birth year-matched controls. Data sources included birth certificates and hospital records. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for OFC by maternal rural-urban residence (adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity) and by maternal race/ethnicity. We evaluated additive and multiplicative effe

SUBMITTER: Kapos FP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8687885 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature