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Interacting Effects of Cell Size and Temperature on Gene Expression, Growth, Development and Swimming Performance in Larval Zebrafish.

ABSTRACT: Cell size may be important in understanding the thermal biology of ectotherms, as the regulation and consequences of cell size appear to be temperature dependent. Using a recently developed model system of triploid zebrafish (which have around 1.5-fold larger cells than their diploid counterparts) we examine the effects of cell size on gene expression, growth, development and swimming performance in zebrafish larvae at different temperatures. Both temperature and ploidy affected the expression of genes related to metabolic processes (citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase), growth and swimming performance. Temperature also increased development rate, but there was no effect of ploidy level. We did find interactive effects between ploidy and temperature for gene expression, body size and swimming performance, confirming that the consequences of cell size are temperature dependent. Triploids with larger cells performed best at cool conditions, while diploids performed better at warmer conditions. These results suggest different selection pressures on ectotherms and their cell size in cold and warm habitats.

SUBMITTER: van de Pol ILE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8691434 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interacting Effects of Cell Size and Temperature on Gene Expression, Growth, Development and Swimming Performance in Larval Zebrafish.

van de Pol Iris Louise Eleonora ILE Hermaniuk Adam A Verberk Wilhelmus Cornelis Egbertus Petrus WCEP

Frontiers in physiology 20211207

Cell size may be important in understanding the thermal biology of ectotherms, as the regulation and consequences of cell size appear to be temperature dependent. Using a recently developed model system of triploid zebrafish (which have around 1.5-fold larger cells than their diploid counterparts) we examine the effects of cell size on gene expression, growth, development and swimming performance in zebrafish larvae at different temperatures. Both temperature and ploidy affected the expression o ...[more]

PMID: 34950046

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Project description:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a basic helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimeric transcription factor that dimerizes with other basic helix-loop-helix-PAS proteins to mediate biological responses. The function of ARNT2 is poorly understood. Here we provide an initial characterization of the zebrafish arnt2 null (arnt2(-/-)) mutant to identify functions of Arnt2 during development. Arnt2(-/-) mutant zebrafish develop normally until 120 hours postfertilization (hpf ) when morphological changes and functional deficits occur. The C-start escape response initiated by either touch or startle stimuli is absent in the mutants. Brain ventricle size is markedly increased at 120 hpf. Heart ventricles are enlarged, with decreased ventricle wall thickness. A cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by missing beats, is also observed in the mutants. This is associated with bradycardia in arnt2(-/-) larvae. Dilated liver sinusoids merge abnormally to form an extensive, labyrinth-like network of vascular channels. External appearance of arnt2(-/-) larvae at 120 hpf is indistinguishable from wild type except that the swim bladder is not inflated. The arnt2(-/-) mutants are not debilitated when phenotypic effects are first detected at 120 hpf that culminate in mortality, 4 days later around 216 hpf. Gross morphological assessment of the development of forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions, neuromasts and Mauthner neurons, inner ear semicircular canals and otoliths, primary motor neurons, trigeminal ganglia, and trunk skeletal muscles, before or when the arnt2(-/-) phenotype was observed, failed to demonstrate a difference from wild type. The only effect in arnt2(-/-) larvae that occurred before 120 hpf was a decrease in expression of sim1, an Arnt2 dimerization partner, in the hypothalamus and ventral thalamus at 72 hpf. Further research is needed to determine if the primary functions of Arnt2 occur during the larval stage, when the phenotype is observed, or earlier in development.

Dataset Information

Interacting Effects of Cell Size and Temperature on Gene Expression, Growth, Development and Swimming Performance in Larval Zebrafish.

Publications

Interacting Effects of Cell Size and Temperature on Gene Expression, Growth, Development and Swimming Performance in Larval Zebrafish.

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