Single-Larva RNA Sequencing Identifies Markers of Copper Toxicity and Exposure in Early Mytilus californianus Larvae.

ABSTRACT: One of the challenges facing efforts to generate molecular biomarkers for toxins is distinguishing between markers that are indicative of exposure and markers that provide evidence of the effects of toxicity. Phenotypic anchoring provides an approach to help segregate markers into these categories based on some phenotypic index of toxicity. Here we leveraged the mussel embryo-larval toxicity assay in which toxicity is estimated by the fraction of larvae that exhibit an abnormal morphology, to isolate subsets of larvae that were abnormal and thus showed evidence of copper-toxicity, versus others that while exposed to copper exhibited normal morphology. Mussel larvae reared under control conditions or in the presence of increasing levels of copper (3-15 μg/L Cu²⁺) were physically

SUBMITTER: Hall MR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8696127 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature