Dataset Information

Cost-Effective Method to Perform SARS-CoV-2 Variant Surveillance: Detection of Alpha, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta in Argentina.

ABSTRACT: SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics have emerged since the end of 2020. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 4,851 samples from the capital city and 10 provinces of Argentina, during 51 epidemiological weeks (EWs) that covered the end of the first wave and the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 41/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the identification of signature mutations associated with variants. In addition, whole-genome sequences were obtained from 637 samples. The main variants found were Gamma and Lambda, and to a lesser extent, Alpha, Zeta, and Epsilon, and more recently, Delta. Whereas, Gamma dominated in different regions of the country, both Gamma and Lambda prevailed in the most populated area, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The lineages that circulated on the first wave were replaced by emergent variants in a term of a few weeks. At the end of the ongoing second wave, Delta began to be detected, replacing Gamma and Lambda. This scenario is consistent with the Latin American variant landscape, so far characterized by a concurrent increase in Delta circulation and a stabilization in the number of cases. The cost-effective surveillance protocol presented here allowed for a rapid response in a resource-limited setting, added information on the expansion of Lambda in South America, and contributed to the implementation of public health measures to control the disease spread in Argentina.

SUBMITTER: Torres C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8703000 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cost-Effective Method to Perform SARS-CoV-2 Variant Surveillance: Detection of Alpha, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta in Argentina.

Torres Carolina C Mojsiejczuk Laura L Acuña Dolores D Alexay Sofía S Amadio Ariel A Aulicino Paula P Debat Humberto H Fay Fabián F Fernández Franco F Giri Adriana A AA Goya Stephanie S König Guido G Lucero Horacio H Nabaes Jodar Mercedes M Pianciola Luis L Sfalcin Javier A JA Acevedo Raúl M RM Bengoa Luoni Sofía S Bolatti Elisa M EM Brusés Bettina B Cacciabue Marco M Casal Pablo E PE Cerri Agustina A Chouhy Diego D Dus Santos María José MJ Eberhardt María Florencia MF Fernandez Ailen A Fernández Paula Del Carmen PDC Fernández Do Porto Darío D Formichelli Laura L Gismondi María Inés MI Irazoqui Matías M Campos Melina Lorenzini ML Lusso Silvina S Marquez Nathalie N Muñoz Marianne M Mussin Javier J Natale Mónica M Oria Griselda G Pisano María Belén MB Posner Victoria V Puebla Andrea A Re Viviana V Sosa Ezequiel E Villanova Gabriela V GV Zaiat Jonathan J Zunino Sebastián S Acevedo María Elina ME Acosta Julián J Alvarez Lopez Cristina C Álvarez María Laura ML Angeleri Patricia P Angelletti Andrés A Arca Manuel M Ayala Natalia A NA Barbas Gabriela G Bertone Ana A Bonnet Agustina A Bourlot Ignacio I Cabassi Victoria V Castello Alejandro A Castro Gonzalo G Cavatorta Ana Laura AL Ceriani Carolina C Cimmino Carlos C Cipelli Julián J Colmeiro María M Cordero Andrés A Cristina Carolina C Di Bella Sofia S Dolcini Guillermina G Ercole Regina R Espasandin Yesica Y Espul Carlos C Falaschi Andrea A Fernandez Moll Facundo F Foussal María Delia MD Gatelli Andrea A Goñi Sandra S Jofré María Estela ME Jaramillo José J Labarta Natalia N Lacaze María Agustina MA Larreche Rocio R Leiva Viviana V Levin Gustavo G Luczak Erica E Mandile Marcelo M Marino Gioia G Massone Carla C Mazzeo Melina M Medina Carla C Monaco Belén B Montoto Luciana L Mugna Viviana V Musto Alejandra A Nadalich Victoria V Nieto María Victoria MV Ojeda Guillermo G Piedrabuena Andrea C AC Pintos Carolina C Pozzati Marcia M Rahhal Marilina M Rechimont Claudia C Remes Lenicov Federico F Rompato Gabriela G Seery Vanesa V Siri Leticia L Spina Julieta J Streitenberger Cintia C Suárez Ariel A Suárez Jorgelina J Sujansky Paula P Talia Juan Manuel JM Theaux Clara C Thomas Guillermo G Ticeira Marina M Tittarelli Estefanía E Toro Rosana R Uez Osvaldo O Zaffanella María Belén MB Ziehm Cecilia C Zubieta Martin M Mistchenko Alicia S AS Valinotto Laura L Viegas Mariana M

Frontiers in medicine 20211210

SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics have emerged since the end of 2020. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 4,851 samples from the capital city and 10 provinces of Argentina, during 51 epidemiological weeks (EWs) that covered the end of the first wave and the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 41/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the ide ...[more]

PMID: 34957143

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Project description:Atypical protein kinase (PK)C isoforms, zeta and lambda, have been reported to be activated by insulin via phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and have been suggested to be required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Here, we have examined the effects of transiently expressed wild-type (WT), constitutively active (Constit) and kinase-inactive (KI) forms of atypical PKCs, zeta and lambda, on haemagglutinin antigen (HAA)-tagged glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in rat adipocytes, and compared these effects with each other and with those of comparable forms of conventional (alpha, beta) and novel (delta, epsilon) PKCs, which have also been proposed to be required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. KI-PKC-zeta evoked consistent, sizeable (overall mean of 65%) inhibitory effects on insulin-stimulated, but not basal or guanosine-5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate-stimulated, HAA-GLUT4 translocation; moreover, inhibitory effects of KI-PKC-zeta were largely reversed by co-transfection of WT-PKC-zeta. Like KI-PKC-zeta, KI-PKC-lambda inhibited insulin-stimulated HAA-GLUT4 translocation by approx. 40-60%, and the combination of KI-PKC-zeta and KI-PKC-lambda caused nearly complete (85%) inhibition. Of particular interest is the fact that inhibitory effects of KI forms of PKC-zeta and PKC-lambda were largely reversed by the opposite WT forms, i.e. PKC-lambda and PKC-zeta respectively. In contrast with KI forms of atypical PKCs, KI forms of PKC-alpha, PKC-beta2, PKC-delta and PKC-epsilon had little or no effect on insulin-stimulated HAA-GLUT4 translocation. Concerning the question of sufficiency, overexpression of WT-PKC-zeta enhanced insulin effects on HAA-GLUT4 translocation, whereas WT forms of PKC-alpha, PKC-beta2, PKC-delta and PKC-epsilon did not affect GLUT4 translocation; furthermore, Constit PKC-zeta evoked increases in HAA-GLUT4 translocation approaching those of insulin, but Constit forms of PKC-alpha and PKC-beta2 were without effect. Our findings suggest that, among PKCs, the atypical PKCs, zeta and lambda, appear to be specifically, but interchangeably, required for insulin effects on HAA-GLUT4 translocation.

Project description:BackgroundVector surveillance provides critical data for decision-making to ensure that malaria control programmes remain effective and responsive to any threats to a successful control and elimination programme. The quality and quantity of data collected is dependent on the sampling tools and laboratory techniques used which may lack the sensitivity required to collect relevant data for decision-making. Here, 40 vector control experts were interviewed to assess the benefits and limitations of the current vector surveillance tools and techniques. In addition, experts shared ideas on "blue sky" indicators which encompassed ideas for novel methods to monitor presently used indicators, or to measure novel vector behaviours not presently measured. Algorithms for deploying surveillance tools and priorities for understanding vector behaviours are also needed for collecting and interpreting vector data.ResultsThe available tools for sampling and analysing vectors are often hampered by high labour and resource requirements (human and supplies) coupled with high outlay and operating costs and variable tool performance across species and geographic regions. The next generation of surveillance tools needs to address the limitations of present tools by being more sensitive, specific and less costly to deploy to enable the collection and use of epidemiologically relevant vector data to facilitate more proactive vector control guidance. Ideas and attributes for Target Product Profiles (TPPs) generated from this analysis provide targets for research and funding to develop next generation tools.ConclusionsMore efficient surveillance tools and a more complete understanding of vector behaviours and populations will provide a basis for more cost effective and successful malaria control. Understanding the vectors' behaviours will allow interventions to be deployed that target vulnerabilities in vector behaviours and thus enable more effective control. Through defining the strengths and weaknesses of the current vector surveillance methods, a foundation and initial framework was provided to define the TPPs for the next generation of vector surveillance methods. The draft TTPs presented here aim to ensure that the next generation tools and technologies are not encumbered by the limitations of present surveillance methods and can be readily deployed in low resource settings.

Dataset Information

Cost-Effective Method to Perform SARS-CoV-2 Variant Surveillance: Detection of Alpha, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta in Argentina.

Publications

Cost-Effective Method to Perform SARS-CoV-2 Variant Surveillance: Detection of Alpha, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta in Argentina.

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