Immune Regulatory Processes of the Tumor Microenvironment under Malignant Conditions.

ABSTRACT: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Since immune cells represent a large fraction of the TME, they play a key role in mediating pro- and anti-tumor immune responses. Immune escape, which suppresses anti-tumor immunity, enables tumor cells to maintain their proliferation and growth. Numerous mechanisms, which have been intensively studied in recent years, are involved in this process and based on these findings, novel immunotherapies have been successfully developed. Here, we review the composition of the TME and the mechanisms by which immune evasive processes are regulated. In detail, we describe membrane-bound and soluble factors, their regulation, and their impact on immune cell activation in the TME. Furthermore, we giv

SUBMITTER: Pansy K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8706102 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature