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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia under Mechanical Circulatory Support by Large Impella for Acute Cardiogenic Shock.

ABSTRACT: Despite the critical feature of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) for patients on mechanical circulatory support, reports on its incidence and outcome are still scarce. Thus, we report on clinical features of HIT in patients under Impella 5.0 or 5.5 (Abiomed Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) (Impella 5+) support for acute cardiogenic shock (CS) by focusing on observed thrombotic events. Between November 2018 and December 2020, a total of 56 consecutive patients were enrolled in a single-center retrospective study. A total of 21 patients (37.5%) were tested for HIT, and 6 (10.7%) proved positive for HIT at 10.5 ± 2.89 days after the first heparin administration during current admission. Interestingly, thrombocyte counts dropped under Impella support in all groups (all cases, no HIT test, and HIT negative group: p < 0.001, HIT-positive group: p = 0.001). All HIT-positive patients were switched from heparin to argatroban. HIT-associated thrombotic events were observed in two cases resulting in Impella dysfunction due to pump thrombosis (n = 1) and left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation (n = 1). Under large Impella support, the prevalence of HIT was relatively high. Further, thrombocytopenia does not deliver a high specificity in the setting of Impella 5+ support. Considering HIT manifestation, a routine HIT test may be considered to avoid critical thrombotic adverse events.

SUBMITTER: Sugimura Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8709300 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia under Mechanical Circulatory Support by Large Impella for Acute Cardiogenic Shock.

Sugimura Yukiharu Y Bauer Sebastian S Immohr Moritz Benjamin MB Hermsen Derik Franz DF Westenfeld Ralf R Boeken Udo U Aubin Hug H Tudorache Igor I Lichtenberg Artur A Akhyari Payam P

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease 20211125 12

Despite the critical feature of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) for patients on mechanical circulatory support, reports on its incidence and outcome are still scarce. Thus, we report on clinical features of HIT in patients under Impella 5.0 or 5.5 (Abiomed Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) (Impella 5+) support for acute cardiogenic shock (CS) by focusing on observed thrombotic events. Between November 2018 and December 2020, a total of 56 consecutive patients were enrolled in a single-center retros ...[more]

PMID: 34940516

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:To review temporary percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices for the treatment of cardiogenic shock, including current evidence, contraindications, complications, and future directions. DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search was conducted with MeSH terms: cardiogenic shock, percutaneous mechanical circulatory support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Impella, and TandemHeart. STUDY SELECTION:Selected publications included randomized controlled trial data and observational studies describing experience with percutaneous mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock. DATA EXTRACTION:Studies were chosen based on strength of association with and relevance to cardiogenic shock. DATA SYNTHESIS:Until recently, there were few options if cardiogenic shock was refractory to vasopressors or intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. Now, several percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices, including Impella (Abiomed, Danvers, MA), TandemHeart (CardiacAssist, Pittsburgh, PA), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, are more accessible. Compared with intra-aortic balloon pump, Impella provides greater hemodynamic support but no reduction in mortality. Similarly, TandemHeart improves hemodynamic variables but not survival. Comparative studies have been underpowered for mortality because of small sample size. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation offers the advantage of biventricular circulatory support and oxygenation, but there are significant vascular complications. Comparative studies with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have not been completed. Despite lack of randomized controlled data, there has been a substantial increase in use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support. Several ongoing prospective studies with larger sample sizes may provide answers, and newer devices may become smaller, easier to insert, and more effective. CONCLUSIONS:Mortality from cardiogenic shock remains unacceptably high despite early coronary revascularization or other therapies. Although evidence is lacking and complications rates are high, improvements and experience with percutaneous mechanical circulatory support may offer the prospect of better outcomes.

Project description:ObjectivesCardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high mortality. Patients treated for CS mostly require heparin therapy, which may be associated with complications such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT represents a serious condition associated with platelet decline and increased hypercoagulability and remains a poorly researched field in intensive care medicine. Primary purpose of this study was to: 1) determine HIT prevalence in CS, 2) assess the performance of common diagnostic tests for the workup of HIT, and 3) compare outcomes in CS patients with excluded and confirmed HIT.DesignRetrospective dual-center study including adult patients 18 years old or older with diagnosed CS and suspected HIT from January 2010 to November 2022.SettingCardiac ICU at the Ludwig-Maximilians University hospital in Munich and the university hospital of Bonn.Patients and interventionsIn this retrospective analysis, adult patients with diagnosed CS and suspected HIT were included. Differences in baseline characteristics, mortality, neurologic and safety outcomes between patients with excluded and confirmed HIT were evaluated.Measurements and main resultsIn cases of suspected HIT, positive screening antibodies were detected in 159 of 2808 patients (5.7%). HIT was confirmed via positive functional assay in 57 of 2808 patients, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 2.0%. The positive predictive value for anti-platelet factor 4/heparin screening antibodies was 35.8%. Total in-hospital mortality (58.8% vs. 57.9%; p > 0.999), 1-month mortality (47.1% vs. 43.9%; p = 0.781), and 12-month mortality (58.8% vs. 59.6%; p > 0.999) were similar between patients with excluded and confirmed HIT, respectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in neurologic outcome among survivors was found between groups (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] score 1: 8.8% vs. 8.8%; p > 0.999 and CPC 2: 7.8% vs. 12.3%; p = 0.485).ConclusionsHIT was a rare complication in CS patients treated with unfractionated heparin and was not associated with increased mortality. Also, HIT confirmation was not associated with worse neurologic outcome in survivors. Future studies should aim at developing more precise, standardized, and cost-effective strategies to diagnose HIT and prevent complications.

Dataset Information

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia under Mechanical Circulatory Support by Large Impella for Acute Cardiogenic Shock.

Publications

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia under Mechanical Circulatory Support by Large Impella for Acute Cardiogenic Shock.

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