Dataset Information

Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings Rhizosphere Microbial Community as Responded to Acidic Biochar Amendment Under Saline Conditions.

ABSTRACT: Biochar has extensively been used for multiple purposes in agriculture, including improving soil microbial biomass. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic biochar on maize seedlings' rhizosphere bacterial abundance under salinity. There were seven treatments and three replicates in a controlled greenhouse coded as B0S1, B1S1, and B2S1 and B0S2, B1S2, and B2S2. CK is control (free of biochar and salt); B0, B1, and B2 are 0, 15, and 30 g biochar (kg soil)^-1; and S1 and S2 are 2.5 and 5 g salt pot^-1 that were amended, respectively. After harvesting the maize seedlings, the soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil microbial biomass, bacterial abundance, and diversity. The results revealed that relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi increased on phylum level, whereas Actinomarinales, Alphaproteobacteria, and Streptomyces enhanced on genus level, respectively, in B2S1 and B2S2, when compared with CK and non-biochar amended soil under saline conditions. The relative abundance of Actinomarinales was positively correlated with total potassium (TK) and Gematimonadetes negatively correlated with total phosphorus (TP). Biochar addition slightly altered the Ace1, Chao1, and alpha diversity. Principal component analysis corresponded to the changes in soil bacterial community that were closely associated with biochar when compared with CK and salt-treated soils. In conclusion, acidic biochar showed an improved soil microbial community under salinity.

SUBMITTER: Soothar MK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8712691 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maize (<i>Zea mays L.</i>) Seedlings Rhizosphere Microbial Community as Responded to Acidic Biochar Amendment Under Saline Conditions.

Soothar Mukesh Kumar MK Hamani Abdoul Kader Mounkaila AKM Sardar Muhammad Fahad MF Sootahar Mahendar Kumar MK Fu Yuanyuan Y Rahim Riffat R Soothar Jay Kumar JK Bhatti Saleem Maseeh SM Abubakar Sunusi Amin SA Gao Yang Y Sun Jingsheng J

Frontiers in microbiology 20211214

Biochar has extensively been used for multiple purposes in agriculture, including improving soil microbial biomass. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic biochar on maize seedlings' rhizosphere bacterial abundance under salinity. There were seven treatments and three replicates in a controlled greenhouse coded as B0S1, B1S1, and B2S1 and B0S2, B1S2, and B2S2. CK is control (free of biochar and salt); B0, B1, and B2 are 0, 15, and 30 g biochar (kg soil)<sup>-1</sup>; and S1 ...[more]

PMID: 34970245

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Project description:Maize (Zea mays L.) is the staple diet of the native peasants in the Quechua region of the Peruvian Andes who continue growing it in small plots called chacras following ancestral traditions. The abundance and structure of bacterial communities associated with the roots of amilaceous maize has not been studied in Andean chacras. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to describe the rhizospheric bacterial diversity of amilaceous maize grown either in the presence or the absence of bur clover cultivated in soils from the Quechua maize belt. Three 16S rRNA gene libraries, one corresponding to sequences of bacteria from bulk soil of a chacra maintained under fallow conditions, the second from the rhizosphere of maize-cultivated soils, and the third prepared from rhizospheric soil of maize cultivated in intercropping with bur clover were examined using pyrosequencing tags spanning the V4 and V5 hypervariable regions of the gene. A total of 26031 sequences were found that grouped into 5955 distinct operational taxonomic units which distributed in 309 genera. The numbers of OTUs in the libraries from the maize-cultivated soils were significantly higher than those found in the libraries from bulk soil. One hundred ninety seven genera were found in the bulk soil library and 234 and 203 were in those from the maize and maize/bur clover-cultivated soils. Sixteen out of the 309 genera had a relative abundance higher than 0.5% and the were (in decreasing order of abundance) Gp4, Gp6, Flavobacterium, Subdivision3 genera incertae sedis of the Verrucomicrobia phylum, Gemmatimonas, Dechloromonas, Ohtaekwangia, Rhodoferax, Gaiella, Opitutus, Gp7, Spartobacteria genera incertae sedis, Terrimonas, Gp5, Steroidobacter and Parcubacteria genera incertae sedis. Genera Gp4 and Gp6 of the Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonas and Rhodoferax were the most abundant in bulk soil, whereas Flavobacterium, Dechloromonas and Ohtaekwangia were the main genera in the rhizosphere of maize intercropped with bur clover, and Gp4, Subdivision3 genera incertae sedis of phylum Verrucomicrobia, Gp6 and Rhodoferax were the main genera in the rhizosphere of maize plants. Taken together, our results suggest that bur clover produces specific changes in rhizospheric bacterial diversity of amilaceous maize plants.

Project description:BackgroundSugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is an important virus pathogen in crop production, causing serious losses in grain and forage yields in susceptible cultivars. Control strategies have been developed, but only marginal successes have been achieved. For the efficient control of this virus, a better understanding of its interactions and associated resistance mechanisms at the molecular level is required.Methodology/principal findingsThe responses of resistant and susceptible genotypes of maize to SCMV and the molecular basis of the resistance were studied using a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) analysis. Ninety-six protein spots showed statistically significant differences in intensity after SCMV inoculation. The classification of differentially expressed proteins showed that SCMV-responsive proteins were mainly involved in energy and metabolism, stress and defense responses, and photosynthesis. Most of the proteins identified were located in chloroplasts, chloroplast membranes, and the cytoplasm. Analysis of changes in phytohormone levels after virus inoculation suggested that salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and azelaic acid may played important roles in the maize response to SCMV infection.Conclusions/significanceAmong these identified proteins, 19 have not been identified previously as virus-responsive proteins, and seven were new and did not have assigned functions. These proteins may be candidate proteins for future investigation, and they may present new biological functions and play important roles in plant-virus interactions. The behavioural patterns of the identified proteins suggest the existence of defense mechanisms operating during the early stages of infection that differed in two genotypes. In addition, there are overlapping and specific phytohormone responses to SCMV infection between resistant and susceptible maize genotypes. This study may provide important insights into the molecular events during plant responses to virus infection.

Project description:Chilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and methylglyoxyl-bis-(guanyhydrazone) (MGBG) at different doses, i.e., 10 µM Co, 100 µM Co, 500 µM Co, 1000 µM Co and 1000 µM Co + 1 mM Spd (Spermidine) in two inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.), i.e., Mo17 and Huang C, a sensitive and tolerant chilling stress, respectively. The combination treatments of PA inhibitors reduced the biosynthesis of putrescine (Put) in the tissues of both studied inbred lines. Application with 500 µM Co and 1000 µM Co did not result in a significant difference in Put concentrations, except in the coleoptile of Mo17. However, combining Spd to 1000 μM of PA inhibitors enhanced the Put, Spd, spermine (Spm) and total PAs in the roots, coleoptile and mesocotyls. Put and total PAs were increased by 39.7% and 30.54%, respectively, when Spd + 1000 µM Co were applied relative to their controls. Chilling stress and PA inhibitors treatments affected both inbred lines and resulted in differences in the PA contents. Results showed that enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PAs (ornithine decarboxylase as ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase as SAMDC) were significantly downregulated by 1000 µM Co in the tissues of both inbred lines. In contrast, the activity of PAO, a Pas degradation enzyme, was significantly improved by 1000 µM Co under chilling stress. However, Spd + 1000 µM Co significantly improved the activities of ODC and SAMDC and their transcript levels (ODC and SAMDC2). While it significantly downregulated the PAO activity and their relative genes (PAO1, PAO2 and PAO3) under chilling stress. Overall, this study elucidates the specific roles of Spd on the pathway of PA inhibitors and PA biosynthesis metabolism in maize seed development in response to chilling stress. Moreover, the Huang C inbred line was more tolerant than Mo17, which was reflected by higher activities of PA biosynthesis-related enzymes and lower activities of PAs' degradative-related enzymes in Huang C.

Project description:BackgroundThe present study was designed to investigate the inhibition role of two polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, i.e., D-arginine (D-Arg) and DL-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), in polyamine biosynthesis under chilling stress in different tissues of two maize inbred lines - Huang C (chilling-tolerance) and Mo17 (chilling-sensitive).ResultsThe results showed that exposure to the lower concentration of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors improved seedlings growth, such as the root length, root and shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll a (chl a). The effectiveness of 10 µM D-Arg treatments was more prominent than those of 10 µM DFMO. However, the higher concentration of inhibitors suppressed seedlings growth, and the exposure to 100 µM DFMO caused stronger decreases in the photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a (chl a), chlorophyll b (chl b), total chlorophyll and carotenoids, than the other treatments. Meanwhile, the inhibitor treatments caused the lower content of putrescine (Put) in roots, mesocotyls and coleoptiles in both maize inbred lines as compared with untreated plants. However, the lower concentration (10 µM) of polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors improved the Spd content, except 10 µM D-Arg in root of Huang C, and 10 µM DFMO in coleoptiles of both Mo17 and Huang C. The correlation analysis found that Spd was positively significantly correlated with root length and shoot fresh weight of seedling.ConclusionIt was showed that the Spd played an important role in seedling growth improvement. At the same concentration of polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors, the Put contents in different tissues of the seedlings treated with DFMO were generally lower than those treated with D-Arg, except for Put contents in root of Mo17 with 10 µM treatment. Moreover, the treatments of 100 µM were more prominent than those of 10 µM treatments. Exposure to 100 µM D-Arg and 100 µM DFMO could each decrease the activities of Arginine decarboxylase (ADC), Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) in all maize tissues. However, the decrease of the ADC activity was more prominent in 100 µM D-Arg-treated seedlings, while the decrease of SAMDC and ODC activities was prominent in 100 µM DFMO-treated seedlings. Genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis, such as ADC, ODC, SAMDC, and PAO, showed different expression patterns in response to chilling stress and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors. This study suggested that Put was synthesized via both the ADC and ODC pathways after chilling stress, with the ODC pathway being the major one.

Dataset Information

Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings Rhizosphere Microbial Community as Responded to Acidic Biochar Amendment Under Saline Conditions.

Publications

Maize (<i>Zea mays L.</i>) Seedlings Rhizosphere Microbial Community as Responded to Acidic Biochar Amendment Under Saline Conditions.

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