Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Predictive encoding of motion begins in the primate retina.

ABSTRACT: Predictive motion encoding is an important aspect of visually guided behavior that allows animals to estimate the trajectory of moving objects. Motion prediction is understood primarily in the context of translational motion, but the environment contains other types of behaviorally salient motion correlation such as those produced by approaching or receding objects. However, the neural mechanisms that detect and predictively encode these correlations remain unclear. We report here that four of the parallel output pathways in the primate retina encode predictive motion information, and this encoding occurs for several classes of spatiotemporal correlation that are found in natural vision. Such predictive coding can be explained by known nonlinear circuit mechanisms that produce a nearly optimal encoding, with transmitted information approaching the theoretical limit imposed by the stimulus itself. Thus, these neural circuit mechanisms efficiently separate predictive information from nonpredictive information during the encoding process.

SUBMITTER: Liu B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8728393 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Predictive encoding of motion begins in the primate retina.

Liu Belle B Hong Arthur A Rieke Fred F Manookin Michael B MB

Nature neuroscience 20210802 9

Predictive motion encoding is an important aspect of visually guided behavior that allows animals to estimate the trajectory of moving objects. Motion prediction is understood primarily in the context of translational motion, but the environment contains other types of behaviorally salient motion correlation such as those produced by approaching or receding objects. However, the neural mechanisms that detect and predictively encode these correlations remain unclear. We report here that four of t ...[more]

PMID: 34341586

Similar Datasets

Neural sensitization improves encoding fidelity in the primate retina.

Project description:An animal's motion through the environment can induce large and frequent fluctuations in light intensity on the retina. These fluctuations pose a major challenge to neural circuits tasked with encoding visual information, as they can cause cells to adapt and lose sensitivity. Here, we report that sensitization, a short-term plasticity mechanism, solves this difficult computational problem by maintaining neuronal sensitivity in the face of these fluctuations. The numerically dominant output pathway in the macaque monkey retina, the midget (parvocellular-projecting) pathway, undergoes sensitization under specific conditions, including simulated eye movements. Sensitization is present in the excitatory synaptic inputs from midget bipolar cells and is mediated by presynaptic disinhibition from a wide-field mechanism extending >0.5 mm along the retinal surface. Direct physiological recordings and a computational model indicate that sensitization in the midget pathway supports accurate sensory encoding and prevents a loss of responsiveness during dynamic visual processing.

| S-EPMC6728337 | biostudies-literature

Neural Mechanisms Mediating Motion Sensitivity in Parasol Ganglion Cells of the Primate Retina.

Project description:Considerable theoretical and experimental effort has been dedicated to understanding how neural circuits detect visual motion. In primates, much is known about the cortical circuits that contribute to motion processing, but the role of the retina in this fundamental neural computation is poorly understood. Here, we used a combination of extracellular and whole-cell recording to test for motion sensitivity in the two main classes of output neurons in the primate retina-midget (parvocellular-projecting) and parasol (magnocellular-projecting) ganglion cells. We report that parasol, but not midget, ganglion cells are motion sensitive. This motion sensitivity is present in synaptic excitation and disinhibition from presynaptic bipolar cells and amacrine cells, respectively. Moreover, electrical coupling between neighboring bipolar cells and the nonlinear nature of synaptic release contribute to the observed motion sensitivity. Our findings indicate that motion computations arise far earlier in the primate visual stream than previously thought.

| S-EPMC5866240 | biostudies-literature

Dissociation in neuronal encoding of object versus surface motion in the primate brain.

Project description:A paradox exists in our understanding of motion processing in the primate visual system: neurons in the dorsal motion processing stream often strikingly fail to encode long-range and perceptually salient jumps of a moving stimulus. Psychophysical studies suggest that such long-range motion, which requires integration over more distant parts of the visual field, may be based on higher-order motion processing mechanisms that rely on feature or object tracking. Here, we demonstrate that ventral visual area V4, long recognized as critical for processing static scenes, includes neurons that maintain direction selectivity for long-range motion, even when conflicting local motion is present. These V4 neurons exhibit specific selectivity for the motion of objects, i.e., targets with defined boundaries, rather than the motion of surfaces behind apertures, and are selective for direction of motion over a broad range of spatial displacements and defined by a variety of features. Motion direction at a range of speeds can be accurately decoded on single trials from the activity of just a few V4 neurons. Thus, our results identify a novel motion computation in the ventral stream that is strikingly different from, and complementary to, the well-established system in the dorsal stream, and they support the hypothesis that the ventral stream system interacts with the dorsal stream to achieve the higher level of abstraction critical for tracking dynamic objects.

| S-EPMC9992021 | biostudies-literature

Origins of direction selectivity in the primate retina.

Project description:From mouse to primate, there is a striking discontinuity in our current understanding of the neural coding of motion direction. In non-primate mammals, directionally selective cell types and circuits are a signature feature of the retina, situated at the earliest stage of the visual process. In primates, by contrast, direction selectivity is a hallmark of motion processing areas in visual cortex, but has not been found in the retina, despite significant effort. Here we combined functional recordings of light-evoked responses and connectomic reconstruction to identify diverse direction-selective cell types in the macaque monkey retina with distinctive physiological properties and synaptic motifs. This circuitry includes an ON-OFF ganglion cell type, a spiking, ON-OFF polyaxonal amacrine cell and the starburst amacrine cell, all of which show direction selectivity. Moreover, we discovered that macaque starburst cells possess a strong, non-GABAergic, antagonistic surround mediated by input from excitatory bipolar cells that is critical for the generation of radial motion sensitivity in these cells. Our findings open a door to investigation of a precortical circuitry that computes motion direction in the primate visual system.

| S-EPMC9126974 | biostudies-literature

Individual variability of neural computations in the primate retina.

Project description:Variation in the neural code contributes to making each individual unique. We probed neural code variation using ∼100 population recordings from major ganglion cell types in the macaque retina, combined with an interpretable computational representation of individual variability. This representation captured variation and covariation in properties such as nonlinearity, temporal dynamics, and spatial receptive field size and preserved invariances such as asymmetries between On and Off cells. The covariation of response properties in different cell types was associated with the proximity of lamination of their synaptic input. Surprisingly, male retinas exhibited higher firing rates and faster temporal integration than female retinas. Exploiting data from previously recorded retinas enabled efficient characterization of a new macaque retina, and of a human retina. Simulations indicated that combining a large dataset of retinal recordings with behavioral feedback could reveal the neural code in a living human and thus improve vision restoration with retinal implants.

| S-EPMC8857061 | biostudies-literature

Another Blue-ON ganglion cell in the primate retina.

Project description:A classic and highly influential model of visual processing proposes that the role of the retina is to compress visual information for optimal transmission to the brain [1]. Drawing on ideas from information theory, an efficient retinal code could be defined as one that reduces redundancy to communicate as much information as possible, given the optic nerve's limited capacity. From this redundancy reduction hypothesis, a theory of retinal color coding emerged in which the three most common retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types captured much of the variance in natural spectra [2]. Within this compact code, the 'Blue-ON' small bistratified RGC was thought to be the only pathway necessary for comparing short (S) wavelength-sensitive cones to long (L) and medium (M) wavelength-sensitive cones [3,4]. Here, we discovered a new wide-field RGC type receiving the same cone-opponent input as the small bistratified RGC, indicating that there is more redundancy in the retinal color code than previously appreciated.

| S-EPMC8447961 | biostudies-literature

AAV9 targets cone photoreceptors in the nonhuman primate retina.

Project description:Transduction of retinal pigment epithelial cells with an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) based on serotype 2 has partially corrected retinal blindness in Leber congenital amaurosis type 2. However, many applications of gene therapy for retinal blindness rely on the efficient transduction of rod and cone photoreceptor which is difficult to achieve with first generation vector technology. To address this translational need, we evaluated rod and cone photoreceptor targeting of 4 novel AAV capsids (AAV7, AAV9, rh.64R1 and rh.8R) versus AAV2 and AAV8 in a foveated retina. Eyes of 20 nonhuman primates were injected subretinally in the proximity of the fovea. While numerous vectors efficiently transduced rods, only AAV9 targeted cones both centrally and peripherally efficiently at low doses, likely due to the abundance of galactosylated glycans, the primary receptor for AAV9, on cone photoreceptors. We conclude AAV9 is an ideal candidate for strategies that require restoration of cone photoreceptor function.

| S-EPMC3559681 | biostudies-literature

A polyaxonal amacrine cell population in the primate retina.

Project description:Amacrine cells are the most diverse and least understood cell class in the retina. Polyaxonal amacrine cells (PACs) are a unique subset identified by multiple long axonal processes. To explore their functional properties, populations of PACs were identified by their distinctive radially propagating spikes in large-scale high-density multielectrode recordings of isolated macaque retina. One group of PACs exhibited stereotyped functional properties and receptive field mosaic organization similar to that of parasol ganglion cells. These PACs had receptive fields coincident with their dendritic fields, but much larger axonal fields, and slow radial spike propagation. They also exhibited ON-OFF light responses, transient response kinetics, sparse and coordinated firing during image transitions, receptive fields with antagonistic surrounds and fine spatial structure, nonlinear spatial summation, and strong homotypic neighbor electrical coupling. These findings reveal the functional organization and collective visual signaling by a distinctive, high-density amacrine cell population.

| S-EPMC3942577 | biostudies-literature

Conserved circuits for direction selectivity in the primate retina.

Project description:The detection of motion direction is a fundamental visual function and a classic model for neural computation. In the non-primate retina, direction selectivity arises in starburst amacrine cell (SAC) dendrites, which provide selective inhibition to direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (dsRGCs). Although SACs are present in primates, their connectivity and the existence of dsRGCs remain open questions. Here, we present a connectomic reconstruction of the primate ON SAC circuit from a serial electron microscopy volume of the macaque central retina. We show that the structural basis for the SACs' ability to confer directional selectivity on postsynaptic neurons is conserved. SACs selectively target a candidate homolog to the mammalian ON-sustained dsRGCs that project to the accessory optic system (AOS) and contribute to gaze-stabilizing reflexes. These results indicate that the capacity to compute motion direction is present in the retina, which is earlier in the primate visual system than classically thought.

| S-EPMC9205626 | biostudies-literature

Regional tuning of photoreceptor adaptation in the primate retina.

Project description:Adaptation in cone photoreceptors allows our visual system to effectively operate over an enormous range of light intensities. However, little is known about the properties of cone adaptation in the specialized region of the primate central retina called the fovea, which is densely packed with cones and mediates high-acuity central vision. Here we show that macaque foveal cones exhibit weaker and slower luminance adaptation compared to cones in the peripheral retina. We find that this difference in adaptive properties between foveal and peripheral cones is due to differences in the magnitude of a hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih. This Ih current regulates the strength and time course of luminance adaptation in peripheral cones where it is more prominent than in foveal cones. A weaker and slower adaptation in foveal cones helps maintain a higher sensitivity for a longer duration which may be well-suited for maximizing the collection of high-acuity information at the fovea during gaze fixation between rapid eye movements.

| S-EPMC11470117 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data