Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Exposures Elicit Antibody Responses With Differential Cross-Neutralization of Established and Emerging Strains Including Delta and Omicron.

ABSTRACT: The wide spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with phenotypes impacting transmission and antibody sensitivity necessitates investigation of immune responses to different spike protein versions. Here, we compare neutralization of variants of concern, including B.1.617.2 (delta) and B.1.1.529 (omicron), in sera from individuals exposed to variant infection, vaccination, or both. We demonstrate that neutralizing antibody responses are strongest against variants sharing certain spike mutations with the immunizing exposure, and exposure to multiple spike variants increases breadth of variant cross-neutralization. These findings contribute to understanding relationships between exposures and antibody responses and may inform booster vaccination strategies.

SUBMITTER: Laurie MT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8755395 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Exposures Elicit Antibody Responses With Differential Cross-Neutralization of Established and Emerging Strains Including Delta and Omicron.

Laurie Matthew T MT Liu Jamin J Sunshine Sara S Peng James J Black Douglas D Mitchell Anthea M AM Mann Sabrina A SA Pilarowski Genay G Zorn Kelsey C KC Rubio Luis L Bravo Sara S Marquez Carina C Sabatino Joseph J JJ Mittl Kristen K Petersen Maya M Havlir Diane D DeRisi Joseph J

The Journal of infectious diseases 20220601 11

The wide spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with phenotypes impacting transmission and antibody sensitivity necessitates investigation of immune responses to different spike protein versions. Here, we compare neutralization of variants of concern, including B.1.617.2 (delta) and B.1.1.529 (omicron), in sera from individuals exposed to variant infection, vaccination, or both. We demonstrate that neutralizing antibody responses are strongest against v ...[more]

PMID: 34979030

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Project description:The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of COVID-19 and has undergone continuous mutations throughout the pandemic. The more transmissible Omicron variant has quickly spread and is replacing the Delta variant as the most prevalent strain globally, including in the United States. A new molecular assay that can detect and differentiate both the Delta and Omicron variants was developed. A collection of 660,035 SARS-CoV-2 full- or near-full genomes, including 169,454 Delta variant and 24,202 Omicron variant strains, were used for primer and probe designs. In silico data analysis predicted an assay coverage of >99% of all strains, including >99% of the Delta and >99% of Omicron strains. The Omicron variant differential test was designed based on the Δ31-33 aa deletion in the N-gene, which is present in the original B.1.1.529 main genotype, BA.1, as well as in BA.2 and BA.3 subtypes. Therefore, the assay should detect the majority of all Omicron variant strains. Standard curves generated with human clinical samples indicated that the PCR amplification efficiencies were 104%, 90.7% and 90.4% for the Omicron, Delta, and non-Delta/non-Omicron wild-type genotypes, respectively. Correlation coefficients of the standard curves were all >0.99. The detection limit of the assay was 14.3, 32.0, and 21.5 copies per PCR reaction for Omicron, Delta, and wild-type genotypes, respectively. The assay was designed to specifically detect SAR-CoV-2 strains. Selected samples with Omicron, Delta and wild-type genotypes identified by the RT-qPCR assay were also confirmed by sequencing. The assay did not detect any animal coronavirus-positive samples that were tested. Human nasal swab samples that previously tested positive (n = 182) or negative (n = 42) for SARS-CoV-2 by the ThermoFisher TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit, produced the same result with the new assay. Among positive samples, 55.5% (101/182), 23.1% (42/182), and 21.4% (39/182) were identified as Omicron, Delta, and non-Omicron/non-Delta wild-type genotypes, respectively.

Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Exposures Elicit Antibody Responses With Differential Cross-Neutralization of Established and Emerging Strains Including Delta and Omicron.

Publications

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Exposures Elicit Antibody Responses With Differential Cross-Neutralization of Established and Emerging Strains Including Delta and Omicron.

Similar Datasets

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