Dataset Information

Development and Validation of a Novel At-home Smell Assessment.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Current tools for diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction (OD) are costly, time-consuming, and often require clinician administration.

Objective

To develop and validate a simple screening assessment for OD using common household items.

Design, setting, and participants

This fully virtual diagnostic study included adults with self-reported OD from any cause throughout the US. Data were collected from December 2020 to April 2021 and analyzed from May 2021 to July 2021.

Main outcomes and measures

Participants with self-reported olfactory dysfunction took a survey assessing smell perception of 45 household items and completed the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) smell questionnaire, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), and the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Psychometric and clinimetric analyses were used to consolidate 45 household items into 2 short Novel Anosmia Screening at Leisure (NASAL) assessments, NASAL-7 (range, 0-14; lower score indicating greater anosmia) and NASAL-3 (range, 0-6; lower score indicating greater anosmia).

Results

A total of 115 participants were included in the study, with a median (range) age of 42 (19-70) years, 92 (80%) women, and 97 (84%) White individuals. There was a moderate correlation between the UPSIT and NASAL-7 scores and NASAL-3 scores (NASAL-7: ρ = 0.484; NASAL-3: ρ = 0.404). Both NASAL-7 and NASAL-3 had moderate accuracy in identifying participants with anosmia as defined by UPSIT (NASAL-7 area under the receiver operating curve [AUC], 0.706; 95% CI, 0.551-0.862; NASAL-3 AUC, 0.658; 95% CI, 0.503-0.814). Scoring 7 or less on the NASAL-7 had 70% (95% CI, 48%-86%) sensitivity and 53% (95% CI, 43%-63%) specificity in discriminating participants with anosmia from participants without. Scoring 2 or less on the NASAL-3 had 57% (95% CI, 36%-76%) sensitivity and 78% (95% CI, 69%-85%) specificity in discriminating participants with anosmia from participants without. There was moderate agreement between UPSIT-defined OD categories and those defined by NASAL-7 (weighted κ = 0.496; 95% CI, 0.343-0.649) and those defined by NASAL-3 (weighted κ = 0.365; 95% CI, 0.187-0.543). The agreement with self-reported severity of olfactory dysfunction as measured by CGI-S and the NASAL-7 and NASAL-3 was moderate, with a weighted κ of 0.590 (95% CI, 0.474-0.707) for the NASAL-7 and 0.597 (95% CI, 0.481-0.712) for the NASAL-3.

Conclusion and relevance

The findings of this diagnostic study suggest that NASAL-7 and NASAL-3, inexpensive and brief patient-reported assessments, can be used to identify individuals with OD. As the burden of COVID-19-associated OD increases, these assessments may prove beneficial as screening and diagnostic tools. Future work will explore whether the NASAL assessments are sensitive to change and how much of a change is clinically important.

SUBMITTER: Gupta S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8759030 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Development and Validation of a Novel At-home Smell Assessment.

Gupta Shruti S Kallogjeri Dorina D Farrell Nyssa F NF Lee Jake J JJ Smith Harrison J HJ Khan Amish M AM Piccirillo Jay F JF

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 20220301 3

<h4>Importance</h4>Current tools for diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction (OD) are costly, time-consuming, and often require clinician administration.<h4>Objective</h4>To develop and validate a simple screening assessment for OD using common household items.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This fully virtual diagnostic study included adults with self-reported OD from any cause throughout the US. Data were collected from December 2020 to April 2021 and analyzed from May 2021 to July 2021.< ...[more]

PMID: 35024772

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Dataset Information

Development and Validation of a Novel At-home Smell Assessment.

Importance

Objective

Design, setting, and participants

Main outcomes and measures

Results

Conclusion and relevance

Publications

Development and Validation of a Novel At-home Smell Assessment.

Similar Datasets

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