Dataset Information

Identification of Gut Bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii that Disseminate to Systemic Tissues of Wild Type and MyD88-/- Mice.

ABSTRACT: In healthy hosts the gut microbiota is restricted to gut tissues by several barriers some of which require MyD88-dependent innate immune sensor pathways. Nevertheless, some gut taxa have been reported to disseminate to systemic tissues. However, the extent to which this normally occurs during homeostasis in healthy organisms is still unknown. In this study, we recovered viable gut bacteria from systemic tissues of healthy wild type (WT) and MyD88^-/- mice. Shotgun metagenomic-sequencing revealed a marked increase in the relative abundance of L. johnsonii in intestinal tissues of MyD88^-/- mice compared to WT mice. Lactobacillus johnsonii was detected most frequently from multiple systemic tissues and at higher levels in MyD88^-/- mice compared to WT mice. Viable L. johnsonii strains were recovered from different cell types sorted from intestinal and systemic tissues of WT and MyD88^-/- mice. L. johnsonii could persist in dendritic cells and may represent murine immunomodulatory endosymbionts.

SUBMITTER: Udayan S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8765072 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Identification of Gut Bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii that Disseminate to Systemic Tissues of Wild Type and MyD88-/- Mice.

Udayan Sreeram S Stamou Panagiota P Crispie Fiona F Hickey Ana A Floyd Alexandria N AN Hsieh Chyi-Song CS Cotter Paul D PD O'Sullivan Orla O Melgar Silvia S O'Toole Paul W PW Newberry Rodney D RD Rossini Valerio V Nally Ken K

Gut microbes 20220101 1

In healthy hosts the gut microbiota is restricted to gut tissues by several barriers some of which require MyD88-dependent innate immune sensor pathways. Nevertheless, some gut taxa have been reported to disseminate to systemic tissues. However, the extent to which this normally occurs during homeostasis in healthy organisms is still unknown. In this study, we recovered viable gut bacteria from systemic tissues of healthy wild type (WT) and MyD88<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Shotgun metagenomic-sequencin ...[more]

PMID: 35023810

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Project description:Researchers are attempting to harness the advantages of the gut-brain axis to prevent neurocognitive disorders by enhancing intestinal health. In this study, four groups of ICR mice were orally gavaged with either phosphate-buffered saline (control and CW groups) or the probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 (P and PW group; daily amounts of 2 × 108 colony-forming units) for 28 days. From days 22 to 28, the mice in the CW and PW groups were subjected to water-avoidance stress (WAS). The issue of whether psychological stress-induced memory dysfunction can be prevented via L. johnsonii BS15 pretreatment to modulate the gut-brain axis was investigated. Results show that L. johnsonii BS15 enhanced gut development by increasing villus height in the jejunum and ileum as well as villus height:crypt depth ratio in the ileum. L. johnsonii BS15 increased the activities of digestive enzymes, including trypsin and lipase in the jejunum and ileum. The intestinal goblet cell number was also increased by L. johnsonii BS15 pretreatment. Moreover, L. johnsonii BS15 balanced the gut microbiota by increasing the log10 DNA gene copies of Lactobacillus spp. and L. johnsonii and decreasing that of Enterobacteriaceae in the cecum. L. johnsonii BS15 also exerted preventive effects on intestinal permeability WAS by modulating diamine oxidase and D-lactate levels in the serum and mRNA expression levels of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum. L. johnsonii BS15 pretreatment modulated inflammatory factors, specifically tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-10. L. johnsonii BS15 pretreatment improved their performance in two behavioral tests, namely the novel object and T-maze tests. This result indicates that psychological stress-induced memory dysfunction possibly could be prevented through the gut-brain axis. In addition, L. johnsonii BS15 exerted beneficial effects on the hippocampus by modulating memory-related functional proteins, especially those related to synaptic plasticity, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and stem cell factor. Moreover, L. johnsonii BS15 recovered antioxidant capacity and exerted protective effects on mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis in the hippocampus. Collectively, the modulation of the gut-brain axis by L. johnsonii BS15 could be considered a promising non-invasive treatment modality for psychological stress-induced memory dysfunction.

Project description:BackgroundIntestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the microecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract in various animals. Disturbances in the intestinal microbiota may lead to the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria that become the dominant species, leading to intestinal immune disorders, intestinal inflammation, and other intestinal diseases. Numerous studies have been confirmed that high-altitude exposure affects the normal function of the intestine and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, it is still necessary to reveal the changes in intestinal microbiota in high-altitude exposure environments, and clarify the relationship between the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria and intestinal injury in this environment. In addition, explored probiotics that may have preventive effects against intestinal diseases.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, a high-altitude group (HA), control group (C), and high-altitude probiotic group (HAP). The HA and HAP groups were subjected to hypoxia modeling for 14 days in a low-pressure oxygen chamber with daily gavage of 0.2 mL of normal saline (HA) and Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 bacterial fluid (HAP), while the control group was fed normally. L. johnsonii YH1136 was isolated from feces of a healthy Tibetan girl in Baingoin county, the Nagqu region of the Tibet Autonomous Region, at an altitude of 5000 meters. Our observations revealed that gavage of YH1136 was effective in improving the damage to the intestinal barrier caused by high-altitude exposure to hypoxic environments and helped to reduce the likelihood of pathogenic bacteria infection through the intestinal barrier. It also positively regulates the intestinal microbiota to the extent of Lactobacillus being the dominant microbiome and reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria. By analyzing the expression profile of ileal microRNAs and correlation analysis with intestinal microbiota, we found that Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium1 cooperated with miR-196a-1-3p and miR-3060-3p, respectively, to play a regulatory role in the process of high-altitude hypoxia-induced intestinal injury.ConclusionThese findings revealed the beneficial effect of L. johnsonii YH1136 in preventing potential endogenous pathogenic bacteria-induced intestinal dysfunction in high-altitude environments. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of intestinal injury from the perspective of the gut microbiota as well as miRNAs.

Dataset Information

Identification of Gut Bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii that Disseminate to Systemic Tissues of Wild Type and MyD88-/- Mice.

Publications

Identification of Gut Bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii that Disseminate to Systemic Tissues of Wild Type and MyD88-/- Mice.

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