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Physically unclonable functions taggant for universal steganographic prints.

ABSTRACT: Counterfeiting of financial cards and marketable securities is a major social problem globally. Electronic identification and image recognition are common anti-counterfeiting techniques, yet they can be overcome by understanding the corresponding algorithms and analysis methods. The present work describes a physically unclonable functions taggant, in an aqueous-soluble ink, based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering of discrete self-assemblies of Au nanoparticles. Using this stealth nanobeacon, we detected a fingerprint-type Raman spectroscopy signal that we clearly identified even on a business card with a pigment mask such as copper-phthalocyanine printed on it. Accordingly, we have overcome the reverse engineering problem that is otherwise inherent to analogous anti-counterfeiting techniques. One can readily tailor the ink to various information needs and application requirements. Our stealth nanobeacon printing will be particularly useful for steganography and provide a sensitive fingerprint for anti-counterfeiting.

SUBMITTER: Fukuoka T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8770454 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physically unclonable functions taggant for universal steganographic prints.

Fukuoka Takao T Mori Yasushige Y Yasunaga Toshiya T Namura Kyoko K Suzuki Motofumi M Yamaguchi Akinobu A

Scientific reports 20220119 1

Counterfeiting of financial cards and marketable securities is a major social problem globally. Electronic identification and image recognition are common anti-counterfeiting techniques, yet they can be overcome by understanding the corresponding algorithms and analysis methods. The present work describes a physically unclonable functions taggant, in an aqueous-soluble ink, based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering of discrete self-assemblies of Au nanoparticles. Using this stealth nanobeacon, ...[more]

PMID: 35046469

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Project description:On-dose authentication (ODA) enhances security by incorporating customized molecular or micro-tags into each pill, preventing counterfeit products in genuine packages. ODA's security relies on tag non-replication and non-reverse engineering. Combining ODA with graphical Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) promises maximum security. PUF uses intrinsic micro or nanoscale randomness as a unique 'fingerprint'. However, current graphical PUFs have limitations like specific illumination requirements and the use of toxic materials, restricting their use in pharmaceuticals. In this study, we propose a novel approach called on-dose PUF. This method involves embedding microspheres randomly within micro biocompatible hydrogel particles. We showcase two distinct types of such on-dose PUFs. The first type utilizes randomly distributed superparamagnetic colloids (SPC) of identical diameters, while the second type utilizes vortexed sunflower oil drops of various diameters. The diameter and coordinates of the microspheres serve as input for generating cryptographic keys. A universal circle identification and binning program is used for extracting this information. One advantage of this approach is that it enables imaging using white light illumination and low-magnification microscopy, as color and signal intensity information are not crucial. This method enables patients to verify their medication by using their mobile phones from home. To assess the performance of the proposed on-dose PUF, we conducted canonical investigations on the single-diameter system. This system can only generate one layer of cryptographic keys, making it potentially more vulnerable than the multiple-diameter system. However, the single-diameter system successfully passed NIST Statistical tests and exhibited sufficient randomness, ideal bit uniformity, Hamming distance, and device uniqueness. Furthermore, we found that the encoding capacity of the single-diameter system was 9.2×1018, providing ample labeling potential.

Dataset Information

Physically unclonable functions taggant for universal steganographic prints.

Publications

Physically unclonable functions taggant for universal steganographic prints.

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