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Microbiome Changes in Humans with Parkinson's Disease after Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Retrospective Study.

ABSTRACT: There is a paucity of information on the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on gut microbiome composition. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder with few management options, although the gut microbiome has been suggested as a potential avenue of treatment. We retrospectively analysed the microbiome from human stool samples from a previously published study, which had demonstrated the efficacy of photobiomodulation to treat Parkinson's patients' symptoms. Specifically, we have observed changes in the microbiome of Parkinson's patients after a 12-week treatment regimen with photobiomodulation to the abdomen, neck, head and nose. Noted were positive changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, which is often interpreted as a proxy for gut health.

SUBMITTER: Bicknell B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8778696 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Microbiome Changes in Humans with Parkinson's Disease after Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Retrospective Study.

Bicknell Brian B Liebert Ann A McLachlan Craig S CS Kiat Hosen H

Journal of personalized medicine 20220105 1

There is a paucity of information on the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on gut microbiome composition. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder with few management options, although the gut microbiome has been suggested as a potential avenue of treatment. We retrospectively analysed the microbiome from human stool samples from a previously published study, which had demonstrated the efficacy of photobiomodulation to treat Parkinson's patients' symptoms. Specifically, we h ...[more]

PMID: 35055364

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Project description:IntroductionThe gut microbiome appears to be predictive of Parkinson's disease (PD) with constipation. Chronic constipation frequently manifests prior to motor symptoms and impairs quality of life. An osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) sequence used physical exam assessment and manual treatment of neuromusculoskeletal dysfunctions pertinent to constipation in PD for this prospective ABA-design study, IRB-NYITBHS1065. The effects of 4 weekly treatments on the gut microbiome among men and women over 40 years old with chronic constipation and PD were investigated. Severity of PD was rated with the Movement Disorders Society-Unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) in six subjects with constipation. Also, the Bristol stool scale and questionnaires validated for constipation were administered for diagnosis, symptom severity, and quality of life during a 4-week control-period (A), 4-weekly OMM-treatments (B), and 2-weeks no-intervention (A). Biweekly stool samples were assessed for normalized microbiota abundance.ResultsThe mean Bristol rating improved from type 2 (± 1) Pre-OMM to 3 (± 1; p = .167; d = 0.677) Post-OMM. Mean constipation severity significantly decreased (p = .010; d = 1.508) Post-OMM. Mean quality of life significantly improved (p = .041; d = 1.072) Post-OMM. The Pre-OMM mean number of families within the phylum Firmicutes decreased by 3 (p = .043; d = 1.177) Post-OMM. There were significant changes in the normalized abundance of phyla Actinobacteria (p = .040; d = 0.845) and Verrucomicrobia (p = .024; d = 0.675) as well as in genus Roseburia (p = .033; d = 1.109), Intestinimonas (p = .035; d = 0.627) and Anaerotruncus (p = .004) Post-OMM.ConclusionThe gut microbiome shifted among individuals with constipation and PD after four weekly treatments with the OMM-sequence. Changes in the gut microbiome Post-OMM were associated with UPDRS results and constipation measures. Clinical trials and studies to develop the gut microbiome into a validated biomarker for PD are necessary to understand the impact of OMM in patients with PD and constipation.

Project description:BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure and few treatment options. Its incidence is increasing due to aging populations, longer disease duration and potentially as a COVID-19 sequela. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been successfully used in animal models to reduce the signs of PD and to protect dopaminergic neurons.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of PBM to mitigate clinical signs of PD in a prospective proof-of-concept study, using a combination of transcranial and remote treatment, in order to inform on best practice for a larger randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT).MethodsTwelve participants with idiopathic PD were recruited. Six were randomly chosen to begin 12 weeks of transcranial, intranasal, neck and abdominal PBM. The remaining 6 were waitlisted for 14 weeks before commencing the same treatment. After the 12-week treatment period, all participants were supplied with PBM devices to continue home treatment. Participants were assessed for mobility, fine motor skills, balance and cognition before treatment began, after 4 weeks of treatment, after 12 weeks of treatment and the end of the home treatment period. A Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to assess treatment effectiveness at a significance level of 5%.ResultsMeasures of mobility, cognition, dynamic balance and fine motor skill were significantly improved (p < 0.05) with PBM treatment for 12 weeks and up to one year. Many individual improvements were above the minimal clinically important difference, the threshold judged to be meaningful for participants. Individual improvements varied but many continued for up to one year with sustained home treatment. There was a demonstrable Hawthorne Effect that was below the treatment effect. No side effects of the treatment were observed.ConclusionsPBM was shown to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for a range of clinical signs and symptoms of PD. Improvements were maintained for as long as treatment continued, for up to one year in a neurodegenerative disease where decline is typically expected. Home treatment of PD by the person themselves or with the help of a carer might be an effective therapy option. The results of this study indicate that a large RCT is warranted.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, registration number: ACTRN12618000038291p , registered on 12/01/2018.

Project description:BackgroundParkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disease with limited treatment options. Animal models and a proof-of-concept case series have suggested that photobiomodulation may be an effective adjunct treatment for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The aim was to determine the safety and feasibility of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to reduce the motor signs of Parkinson's disease.MethodsIn this double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled feasibility trial, patients (aged 59-85 years) with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were treated with a tPBM helmet for 12 weeks (72 treatments with either active or sham therapy; stage 1). Treatment was delivered in the participants' homes, monitored by internet video conferencing (Zoom). Stage 1 was followed by 12 weeks of no treatment for those on active therapy (active-to-no-treatment group), and 12 weeks of active treatment for those on sham (sham-to-active group), for participants who chose to continue (stage 2). The active helmet device delivered red and infrared light to the head for 24 min, 6 days per week. The primary endpoints were safety and motor signs, as assessed by a modified Movement Disorders Society revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III)-motor scale. This trial is registered with ANZCTR, ACTRN 12621001722886.FindingsBetween Dec 6, 2021, and Aug 12, 2022, 20 participants were randomly allocated to each of the two groups (10 females plus 10 males per group). All participants in the active group and 18 in the sham group completed 12 weeks of treatment. 14 participants in the sham group chose to continue to active treatment and 12 completed the full 12 weeks of active treatment. Treatment was well tolerated and feasible to deliver, with only minor, temporary adverse events. Of the nine suspected adverse events that were identified, two minor reactions may have been attributable to the device in the sham-to-active group during the active treatment weeks of the trial. One participant experienced temporary leg weakness. A second participant reported decreased fine motor function in the right hand. Both participants continued the trial. The mean modified MDS-UPDRS-III scores for the sham-to-active group at baseline, after 12 weeks of sham treatment, and after 12 weeks of active treatment were 26.8 (sd 14.6), 20.4 (sd 12.8), and 12.2 (sd 8.9), respectively, and for the active-to-no-treatment group these values were 21.3 (sd 9.4), 16.5 (sd 9.4), and 15.3 (sd 10.8), respectively. There was no significant difference between groups at any assessment point. The mean difference between groups at baseline was 5.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.4 to 13.4), after stage 1 was 3.9 (95% CI -3.5 to 11.3 and after stage 2 was -3.1 (95% CI 2.7 to -10.6).InterpretationOur findings add to the evidence base to suggest that tPBM is a safe, tolerable, and feasible non-pharmaceutical adjunct therapy for Parkinson's disease. While future work is needed our results lay the foundations for an adequately powered randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.FundingSYMBYX Pty Ltd.

Dataset Information

Microbiome Changes in Humans with Parkinson's Disease after Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Retrospective Study.

Publications

Microbiome Changes in Humans with Parkinson's Disease after Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Retrospective Study.

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