Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based register study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dobrosavljevic M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8792867 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based register study.
Dobrosavljevic Maja M Zhang Le L Garcia-Argibay Miguel M Du Rietz Ebba E Andershed Henrik H Chang Zheng Z Faraone Stephen S Larsson Henrik H
European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 20211220
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Project description:Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition, which may be associated with life-enduring cognitive dysfunction. It has been hypothesized that age-related cognitive decline may overlap with preexisting deficits in older ADHD patients, leading to increased problems to manage everyday-life activities. This phenomenon may mimic neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This cross-sectional study aims to assess cognitive and behavioral differences between older subjects with ADHD and MCI. Methods: A total of 107 older participants (41 controls; 40 MCI and 26 ADHD; mean age = 67.60 ± 7.50 years; mean schooling = 15.14 ± 2.77 years; 65.4% females) underwent clinical, cognitive, and behavioral assessments by a multidisciplinary team at the Memory Clinic, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean scores in neuropsychological tasks and behavioral scales were compared across groups. Results: Participants with ADHD showed poorer performances than controls in episodic memory and executive function with large effect-sizes. Performances were comparable between MCI and ADHD for all domains. Discussion: MCI and ADHD in older individuals are dissociated clinical entities with overlapping cognitive profiles. Clinicians ought to be aware of these converging phenotypes to avoid misdiagnosis.
| S-EPMC8488111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceEvidence that adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of dementia is scarce and inconsistent, and potential sources of bias are untested.ObjectiveTo examine the association between adult ADHD and the risk of dementia.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective national cohort study consisted of 109 218 members of a nonprofit Israeli health maintenance organization born between 1933 and 1952 who entered the cohort on January 1, 2003, without an ADHD or dementia diagnosis and were followed up to February 28, 2020. Participants were aged 51 to 70 years in 2003. Statistical analysis was conducted from December 2022 to August 2023.ExposureAdult ADHD was a time-varying covariate, classified as present from the age of the first diagnosis (using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision); otherwise, absent.Main outcome and measuresCox regression models were fitted to quantify the association between adult ADHD and the risk of incident dementia with hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% CIs unadjusted and in the primary analysis, using inverse probability weights, adjusted for 18 sources of potential confounding. In 14 complementary analyses, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were implemented.ResultsAt the beginning of the follow-up, the sample of 109 218 participants had a mean (SD) age of 57.7 (5.5) years, 56 474 participants (51.7%) were female, and 52 744 (48.3%) were male. During follow-up, 730 participants (0.7%) received a diagnosis of adult ADHD, and 7726 (7.1%) received a diagnosis of dementia. Dementia occurred among 96 of 730 participants (13.2%) with adult ADHD and 7630 of 108 488 participants (7.0%) without adult ADHD. In the primary analysis, compared with the absence of adult ADHD, the presence of adult ADHD was statistically significantly (P < .001) associated with an increased dementia risk (unadjusted HR, 3.62 [95% CI, 2.92-4.49; P < .001]; adjusted HR, 2.77 [95% CI, 2.11-3.63; P < .001]). Twelve of the 14 complementary analyses did not attenuate the conclusions based on the results of the primary analysis. There was, however, no clear increase in the risk of dementia associated with adult ADHD among those who received psychostimulant medication, and evidence of reverse causation was mild.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of individuals born between 1933 and 1952 and followed up in old age, adult ADHD was associated with an increased risk of dementia. Policy makers, caregivers, patients, and clinicians may wish to monitor reliably for ADHD in old age.
| S-EPMC10582792 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a long-term impact on functioning, productivity and quality of life of patients. This impact is largely due to the symptoms of inattentiveness. However, despite its impairing role in the lives of ADHD patients, inattentiveness has been studied relatively less frequently than have symptoms of impulsivity/hyperactivity and problems with executive function. This review therefore seeks to integrate the neuropsychological theories and current findings in the research fields of neuropsychology, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging, in an attempt to gain a more complete understanding of the role that inattentiveness plays in ADHD, as well as to suggest directions for future studies. The need for a more comprehensive understanding of inattentiveness and ADHD, which integrates findings from each of the three disciplines mentioned above, is emphasized.
| S-EPMC4440572 | biostudies-other
Project description:Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), like other psychiatric disorders, represents an evolving construct that has been refined and developed over the past several decades in response to research into its clinical nature and structure. The clinical presentation and course of the disorder have been extensively characterised. Efficacious medication-based treatments are available and widely used, often alongside complementary psychosocial approaches. However, their effectiveness has been questioned because they might not address the broader clinical needs of many individuals with ADHD, especially over the longer term. Non-pharmacological approaches to treatment have proven less effective than previously thought, whereas scientific and clinical studies are starting to fundamentally challenge current conceptions of the causes of ADHD in ways that might have the potential to alter clinical approaches in the future. In view of this, we first provide an account of the diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment of ADHD from the perspective of both the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases. Second, we review the progress in our understanding of the causes and pathophysiology of ADHD on the basis of science over the past decade or so. Finally, using these discoveries, we explore some of the key challenges to both the current models and the treatment of ADHD, and the ways in which these findings can promote new perspectives.
| S-EPMC7880081 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genetic Investigations of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
| PRJNA1114309 | ENA
Project description:Genetic Investigations of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
| PRJNA1114310 | ENA
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3796623 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The occurrence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is substantially higher than in the general population, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the pathogenic gene of cystic fibrosis, suggesting the potentially critical role of CFTR in ADHD. Here, we identified three heterozygous missense mutations (p.E217G, p.F316L and p.T1220I) in CFTR, segregating with ADHD in two consanguineous families with 6 affected individuals. Using the zebrafish model, we found that the cftr knockout line displays hyperactive, impulsive-like, and attention deficit-like behaviors, reminiscent of human ADHD patients. Single-cell RNA-seq of 7 dpf larvae identified clusters of neuron cells that were sensitive to cftr, especially, the number of dopaminergic neuron cells decreased in the cftr mutant fish. Bulk RNA-seq and proteomic analysis at the early gastrulation period showed that the expression of nerve system genes was abnormal. Notably, we tried to use CFTR activitors Lumacaftor (VX-809) and Ivacaftor (VX-770) to treat the ADHD zebrafish model (established by per1b mutant), and found enhanced CFTR activity could rescue the ADHD-like behaviors. In brief, we uncover the role of CFTR in ADHD pathogenesis and explore novel diagnoses and therapy for ADHD by targeting CFTR.
2024-12-16 | GSE284214 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundA recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 independent loci significantly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from the GWAS, can be used to assess genetic overlap between ADHD and other traits. Using ADHD samples from several international sites, we derived PRS for ADHD from the recent GWAS to test whether genetic variants that contribute to ADHD also influence two cognitive functions that show strong association with ADHD: attention regulation and response inhibition, captured by reaction time variability (RTV) and commission errors (CE).MethodsThe discovery GWAS included 19 099 ADHD cases and 34 194 control participants. The combined target sample included 845 people with ADHD (age: 8-40 years). RTV and CE were available from reaction time and response inhibition tasks. ADHD PRS were calculated from the GWAS using a leave-one-study-out approach. Regression analyses were run to investigate whether ADHD PRS were associated with CE and RTV. Results across sites were combined via random effect meta-analyses.ResultsWhen combining the studies in meta-analyses, results were significant for RTV (R2 = 0.011, β = 0.088, p = 0.02) but not for CE (R2 = 0.011, β = 0.013, p = 0.732). No significant association was found between ADHD PRS and RTV or CE in any sample individually (p > 0.10).ConclusionsWe detected a significant association between PRS for ADHD and RTV (but not CE) in individuals with ADHD, suggesting that common genetic risk variants for ADHD influence attention regulation.
| S-EPMC9693667 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6494390 | biostudies-literature