Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Effects of Low-Level Gamma Radiation on Common Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives.

ABSTRACT: The aging of high explosives in an ionizing radiation field is not well understood, and little work has been done in the low dose and low dose rate regime. In this study, four explosives were exposed to low-level gamma irradiation from a ¹³⁷Cs source: PETN, PATO, and PBX 9501 both with and without the Irganox 1010 stabilizer. Post-irradiation analysis included GC-MS of the headspace gas, SEM of the pellets and powder, NMR spectroscopy, DSC analysis, impact sensitivity tests, and ESD sensitivity tests. Overall, no significant change to the materials was seen for the dose and dose rate explored in this study. A small change in the ¹H NMR spectrum of PETN was observed and SEM and ESD results suggest a surface energy change in PATO, but these differences are minor and do not appear to have a substantial impact on the handling safety.

SUBMITTER: Huestis PL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8793075 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Effects of Low-Level Gamma Radiation on Common Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives.

Huestis Patricia L PL Stull Jamie A JA Lichthardt Joseph P JP Wasiolek Maryla A MA Montano-Martinez Lori L Manner Virginia W VW

ACS omega 20220110 3

The aging of high explosives in an ionizing radiation field is not well understood, and little work has been done in the low dose and low dose rate regime. In this study, four explosives were exposed to low-level gamma irradiation from a <sup>137</sup>Cs source: PETN, PATO, and PBX 9501 both with and without the Irganox 1010 stabilizer. Post-irradiation analysis included GC-MS of the headspace gas, SEM of the pellets and powder, NMR spectroscopy, DSC analysis, impact sensitivity tests, and ESD s ...[more]

PMID: 35097280

Similar Datasets

Nitroaromatic explosives detection using electrochemically exfoliated graphene.

Project description:Detection of nitroaromatic explosives is of paramount importance from security point of view. Graphene sheets obtained from the electrochemical anodic exfoliation of graphite foil in different electrolytes (LiClO4 and Na2SO4) were compared and tested as electrode material for the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in seawater. Voltammetry analysis demonstrated the superior electrochemical performance of graphene produced in LiClO4, resulting in higher sensitivity and linearity for the explosives detection and lower limit of detection (LOD) compared to the graphene obtained in Na2SO4. We attribute this to the presence of oxygen functionalities onto the graphene material obtained in LiClO4 which enable charge electrostatic interactions with the -NO2 groups of the analyte, in addition to π-π stacking interactions with the aromatic moiety. Research findings obtained from this study would assist in the development of portable devices for the on-site detection of nitroaromatic explosives.

| S-EPMC5025880 | biostudies-literature

Fingerprinting of Nitroaromatic Explosives Realized by Aphen-functionalized Titanium Dioxide.

Project description:Developing sensing materials for military explosives and improvised explosive precursors is of great significance to maintaining homeland security. 5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (Aphen)-modified TiO2 nanospheres are prepared though coordination interactions, which broaden the absorption band edge of TiO2 and shift it to the visible region. A sensor array based on an individual TiO2/Aphen sensor is constructed by regulating the excitation wavelength (365 nm, 450 nm, 550 nm). TiO2/Aphen shows significant response to nitroaromatic explosives since the Aphen capped on the surface of TiO2 can chemically recognize and absorb nitroaromatic explosives by the formation of the corresponding Meisenheimer complex. The photocatalytic mechanism is proved to be the primary sensing mechanism after anchoring nitroaromatic explosives to TiO2. The fingerprint patterns obtained by combining kinetics and thermodynamics validated that the single TiO2/Aphen sensor can identify at least six nitroaromatic explosives and improvised explosives within 8 s and the biggest response reaches 80%. Furthermore, the TiO2/Aphen may allow the contactless detection of various explosives, which is of great significance to maintaining homeland security.

| S-EPMC6566778 | biostudies-literature

Effective Insensitiveness of Melamine Urea-Formaldehyde Resin via Interfacial Polymerization on Nitramine Explosives.

Project description:To improve the safety of ammonium nitrate explosives, the melamine urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF resin) was selected for the preparation of three typical nitramine explosives (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine, HMX; cryclo-trimethylenetrinitramine, RDX; and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, CL-20) based green polymer-bonded explosives (GPBXs) via interfacial polymerization. Meanwhile, the corresponding composite particles prepared by physical mixing and drying bath methods were studied and compared. The particle morphology, crystal structure, thermal stability, and safety performance of the resultant composite particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and impact sensitivity test, respectively. SEM results showed that MUF was successfully coated on the surface of the three explosives, and different composite particles prepared by the same method have their own unique characteristics. Such effect is attributed to the resin's ability to isolate and buffer external stimuli. It is obvious that the interfacial polymerization is an effective desensitization technique to prepare core-shell composite particles for explosives.

| S-EPMC6288043 | biostudies-literature

Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives in Air by Amino-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes.

Project description:Nitroaromatic explosives are the most common explosives, and their detection is important to public security, human health, and environmental protection. In particular, the detection of solid explosives through directly revealing the presence of their vapors in air would be desirable for compact and portable devices. In this study, amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes were used to produce resistive sensors to detect nitroaromatic explosives by interaction with their vapors. Devices formed by carbon nanotube networks working at room temperature revealed trinitrotoluene, one of the most common nitroaromatic explosives, and di-nitrotoluene-saturated vapors, with reaction and recovery times of a few and tens of seconds, respectively. This type of resistive device is particularly simple and may be easily combined with low-power electronics for preparing portable devices.

| S-EPMC9027238 | biostudies-literature

High-Energy Nitramine Explosives: A Design Strategy from Linear to Cyclic to Caged Molecules.

Project description:After carefully analyzing the Kamlet-Jacobs (K-J) equations and the structural traits of well-known explosives, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazin (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtizitane (CL-20), diverse nitramine explosives including linear (Models IAn, IBn, and ICn), cyclic (Model IIn), and caged (Models IIIAn and IIIBn) molecules were designed by incorporating various number (n) of -CH2NNO2- structural unit and studied using the B3LYP/6-31G* and B3PW91/6-31G** methods of the density functional theory. Computational results show that all of the energetic parameters, that is, density (ρ), detonation velocity (D), and detonation pressure (P), follow the order of IIIBn > IIIAn > IIn > IAn > IBn > ICn. With the increasing n, the D and P of linear nitramines eventually keep stable. This clearly indicates that elongating the chain length (e.g., polymerization) brings little or even negative benefit in boosting the explosive properties. The oxygen balance and the K-J equation parameter ϕ both have a significant influence on the detonation properties. Caged compound IIIA2 has not only comparable energetic properties but also better sensitivity and thermal stability than CL-20.

| S-EPMC6645143 | biostudies-literature

Quantification of nitroaromatic explosives in contaminated soil using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Project description:Contamination from various sources is a global environmental and health threat, with mining and military activities in particular having spread nitroaromatic compounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its degradation products and by-products, to the soil. The investigation and monitoring of large contaminated areas requires new detection methods since the established ones are expensive and time-consuming. Hence, we established a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene as the matrix substance and an internal standard for quantification. Analyzing standard substances, we found specific signals for radical and fragment ions of different nitrotoluenes and nitrobenzenes with good reproducibility and detection limits down to 0.25 ng/μL. The analysis of soil sample extracts from a former production site showed clear signals for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and the primary degradation products aminodinitrotoluenes. Furthermore, quantification gave results comparable to those obtained by conventional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The MALDI-TOF MS method has a comparatively lower reproducibility, with relative standard deviations of 6% to 20% for multiple measurements of standard solutions and soil sample extracts. Nevertheless, a comparison of both methods revealed the advantages of MALDI-TOF MS analysis of explosive-contaminated areas with regard to costs, time, and handling. Finally, our MALDI-TOF MS method fulfills all the needs for high sample throughput and can therefore be a valuable screening tool for explosive-contaminated areas. Graphical abstract.

| S-EPMC6706601 | biostudies-literature

Carbon nanotubes-based chemiresistive immunosensor for small molecules: detection of nitroaromatic explosives.

Project description:In recent years, there has been a growing focus on use of one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes and nanowires, as transducer elements for label-free chemiresistive/field-effect transistor biosensors as they provide label-free and high sensitivity detection. While research to-date has elucidated the power of carbon nanotubes- and other 1-D nanostructure-based field effect transistors immunosensors for large charged macromolecules such as proteins and viruses, their application to small uncharged or charged molecules has not been demonstrated. In this paper we report a single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)-based chemiresistive immunosensor for label-free, rapid, sensitive and selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a small molecule. The newly developed immunosensor employed a displacement mode/format in which SWNTs network forming conduction channel of the sensor was first modified with trinitrophenyl (TNP), an analog of TNT, and then ligated with the anti-TNP single chain antibody. Upon exposure to TNT or its derivatives the bound antibodies were displaced producing a large change, several folds higher than the noise, in the resistance/conductance of SWNTs giving excellent limit of detection, sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor detected between 0.5 ppb and 5000 ppb TNT with good selectivity to other nitroaromatic explosives and demonstrated good accuracy for monitoring TNT in untreated environmental water matrix. We believe this new displacement format can be easily generalized to other one-dimensional nanostructure-based chemiresistive immuno/affinity-sensors for detecting small and/or uncharged molecules of interest in environmental monitoring and health care.

| S-EPMC3108850 | biostudies-literature

Detection of Multiple Nitroaromatic Explosives via Formation of a Janowsky Complex and SERS.

Project description:Military-grade explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitroluene (TNT) are still a major worldwide concern in terms of terror threat and environmental impact. The most common methods currently employed for the detection of explosives involve colorimetric tests, which are known to be rapid and portable; however, they often display false positives and lack sensitivity. Other methods used include ion mobility mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which despite producing more reliable results often require large, expensive instrumentation and specially trained staff. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach that utilizes the formation of a colored Janowsky complex with nitroaromatic explosives through reaction of the enolate ion of 3-mercapto-2-butanone. The colored complex is formed rapidly and can then be detected sensitively using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We demonstrate that SERS can be used as a quick, sensitive, and selective technique for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexanitrostillbene (HNS), and 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl) with a detection limit of 6.81 ng mL-1 achieved for TNT, 17.2 ng mL-1 for tetryl, and 135.1 ng mL-1 for HNS. This method of detection also requires minimal sample preparation, can be done in a solution-based format, and utilizes the same precursor reagents for complex formation with each of the explosives which can then be identified due to the specificity of the unique SERS response obtained. We demonstrate the ability to simultaneously identify three explosive compounds within a total analysis time of 10 min. This method of detection shows promise for the development of rapid and portable SERS-based assays which can be utilized in the field in order to achieve reliable and quantitative detection.

| S-EPMC7145293 | biostudies-literature

Detection of Nitroaromatic and Peroxide-Based Explosives with Amine- and Phosphine-Functionalized Diketopyrrolopyrroles.

Project description:Effective strategies for the detection and identification of explosives are highly desirable. Herein, we illustrate the efficient optoelectronic detection of nitroaromatic and peroxide-based explosives using amine- and phosphine-substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles. Selective quenching and an unprecedented enhancement of thin-film emission in the presence of nitroaromatic vapors are demonstrated via the judicious choice of amine substituents. The modulation of fluorescence emission in each case is shown to be dominated by electronic and thermodynamic effects, the vapor pressure of explosives, and the thin-film morphology. For peroxide detection, we describe an approach exploiting redox-mediated functional group transformation. The rapid oxidation of triphenylphosphine to phosphine oxide with hydrogen peroxide affords a significant increase in fluorescence emission, facilitating the sensitive turn-on detection of an important class of explosives at ppb concentrations.

| S-EPMC10273178 | biostudies-literature

Paper-Based Probes with Visual Response to Vapors from Nitroaromatic Explosives: Polyfluorenes and Tertiary Amines.

Project description:Although it is well-known that nitroaromatic compounds quench the fluorescence of different conjugated polymers and form colored Meisenheimer complexes with proper nucleophiles, the potential of paper as a substrate for those macromolecules can be further developed. This work undertakes this task, impregnating paper strips with a fluorene-phenylene copolymer with quaternary ammonium groups, a bisfluorene-based cationic polyelectrolyte, and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA). Cationic groups make the aforementioned polyfluorenes attachable to paper, whose surface possesses a slightly negative charge and avoid interference from cationic quenchers. While conjugated polymers had their fluorescence quenched with nitroaromatic vapors in a non-selective way, polyDMAEMA-coated papers had a visual response that was selective to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and that could be easily identified, and even quantified, under natural light. Far from implying that polyfluorenes should be ruled out, it must be taken into account that TNT-filled mines emit vapors from 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dinitrobenzene isomers, which are more volatile than TNT itself. Atmospheres with only 790 ppbv TNT or 277 ppbv DNT were enough to trigger a distinguishable response, although the requirement for certain exposure times is an important limitation.

| S-EPMC9101589 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data