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Preliminary evidence on the neural correlates of timing deficit in post-traumatic stress disorder.

ABSTRACT: It has recently been suggested that a deficit in time processing may be considered a cognitive marker of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, the neural correlates of this cognitive deficit in PTSD remain unknown. Voxel-based morphometry and supra-second perceptual time processing data from 8 participants with PTSD and 19 healthy controls have been examined. In line with previous investigations, PTSD patients overestimated the duration of the displayed stimuli. Moreover, their time estimation was more variable than that of controls. Critically, compared to controls, a higher grey matter volume was reported in most of neural regions of PTSD canonically associated with supra-second perceptual timing. These data provide preliminary evidence that the abnormal neuroplasticity of this neural network may be responsible for the altered experience of time in PTSD.

SUBMITTER: Vicario CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8794066 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Preliminary evidence on the neural correlates of timing deficit in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Vicario Carmelo M CM Martino Gabriella G Lucifora Chiara C Felmingham Kim K

European journal of psychotraumatology 20220126 1

It has recently been suggested that a deficit in time processing may be considered a cognitive marker of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, the neural correlates of this cognitive deficit in PTSD remain unknown. Voxel-based morphometry and supra-second perceptual time processing data from 8 participants with PTSD and 19 healthy controls have been examined. In line with previous investigations, PTSD patients overestimated the duration of the displayed stimuli. Moreover, their time es ...[more]

PMID: 35096283

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Project description:BackgroundSelf-stigma refers to the internalisation of negative societal views and stereotypes. Self-stigma has been well-characterised in the context of mental disorders such as schizophrenia but has received little attention in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ObjectiveThis work aimed to determine the prevalence of self-stigma in a sample of adults with PTSD and to establish factors associated with the internalisation of stigma in this population.MethodParticipants were 194 adults (mean age 46.07 (SD = 12.39); 64.4% female; 96.6% white Caucasian; residing in the UK), who self-reported a diagnosis of PTSD and currently screened positive for the disorder according to the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Structured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires were used to ascertain clinical and sociodemographic information for analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of self-stigma measured by the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS) was 41.2% (95% CI 34.24-48.22). There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender (β = -2.975 (95% CI -7.046-1.097) p = .151), age (β = 0.007 (95% CI -0.152-0.165) p = .953), sexual trauma (β = 0.904 (95% CI -3.668-5.476) p = .697), military trauma (β = -0.571 (95% CI -4.027-7.287) p = .571). Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety (β = 5.722 (95% CI 2.922-8.522) p = <.001), depression (β = 6.937 (95% CI 4.287-9.588) p = <.000), and traumatic stress symptoms (β = 3.880 (95% CI 1.401-6.359) p = .002).ConclusionsThe results indicate that self-stigma may be a significant issue among people with a diagnosis of PTSD. Further work is needed to understand the long-term impact and to develop interventions to address the internalisation of stigma in this population.HighlightsThe prevalence of self-stigma among a sample of participants with PTSD was 41.2%.There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender, age or sexual / military trauma.Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress symptoms.

Project description:BackgroundKidney transplantation (KT) is a life-saving therapy for kidney failure. However, KT recipients can suffer from debilitating depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide. In contrast to PTSD, post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychologic change in response to a challenging situation. PTG has been studied in other chronic diseases, but less is known about its role in the setting of KT. We sought to elucidate the prevalence, predictors, and the effect of PTSD and PTG on post-KT outcomes. We also considered the roles of benefit finding and resilience.MethodsIn a literature review, we identified publications that examined PTSD, PTG, benefit finding, and/or resilience in KT recipients. We excluded case reports and first-person narratives. Publications meeting the specified criteria after full text review underwent data abstraction and descriptive analysis.ResultsOf the 1013 unique citations identified, 39 publications met our criteria. PTSD was the most common construct evaluated (16 publications). Resilience was studied in 11 publications, PTG in nine, and benefit finding in five. Up to 21% of adult and 42% of pediatric KT recipients may experience PTSD, which is associated with lower quality of life (QOL), impaired sleep, and other psychiatric comorbidity. PTG was associated with improved QOL, kidney function, and reduced risk of organ rejection. Although benefit finding tended to increase post KT, resilience remained stable post KT. Like PTG, resilience was associated with lower psychologic distress and increased treatment adherence and confidence in the health care team.ConclusionsPTG, resilience, and benefit finding appear to reduce the risk of PTSD, promote well-being, and reduce risk of graft failure in KT recipients. Future research to understand these relationships better will allow clinicians and researchers to develop interventions to promote PTG, resilience, and benefit finding, and potentially improve post-transplant outcomes such as adherence and reducing risk of organ rejection.

Dataset Information

Preliminary evidence on the neural correlates of timing deficit in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Publications

Preliminary evidence on the neural correlates of timing deficit in post-traumatic stress disorder.

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