Ethiopian paediatric oncology registry progress report: documentation practice improvements at tertiary care centre in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Levy S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8796695 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Ethiopian paediatric oncology registry progress report: documentation practice improvements at tertiary care centre in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Levy Scott S Fentie Atalay Mulu AM Buhlinger Kaitlyn K Clark Stephen M SM Korones David N DN Miller Vanessa V Alexander Thomas B TB Weitzman Sheila S Bekele Wondwessen W Broas Julie J Shad Aziza A Roberts Megan M Chargualaf Michael M Fufa Diriba D Hailu Tadele T Yimer Mulugeta Ayalew MA Mustefa Mohammed M Said Gidey Abdulkadir M AM Dinkiye Ali Mamude AM Adam Haileyesus H Hailu Daniel D Muluneh Benyam B
Archives of disease in childhood 20210617 12
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Project description:Approval of new cancer drugs for paediatric patients generally occurs after their development and approval for treating adult cancers. As most drug development occurs in the industry setting, the relatively small market of paediatric oncology does not provide the financial incentives for companies to actively pursue paediatric oncology solutions. Indeed, between 1948 and January 2003 the FDA approved 120 new cancer drugs, of which only 30 have been used in children. This slow rate of development must be addressed in a meaningful way if we are to make progress in the most pressing settings in childhood cancer. In this Viewpoint article, the key opinion leaders in the field weigh in and offer practical advice on how to address this issue.
| S-EPMC4637819 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention among hypertensive patients on follow-up at Addis Ababa University Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study design.SettingThis study was conducted at Addis Ababa University Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe sample size was determined using the single population proportion calculation. A list of all patients with hypertension on follow-up was framed from the appointment book of the cardiovascular clinic. Then, 316 participants were recruited by simple random sampling procedure from 18 April 2022 to 19 May 2022. The study included all patients with hypertension >18 years of age who were on follow-up during the data-collecting period. In contrast, patients with memory loss or cognitive impairment and who are unable to communicate were excluded from the study.ResultWith a response rate of 96.8%, 306 respondents in total were questioned. The average age of the participants was 53.6 years (SD±13.4). More than half of participants (52.9%) were female. The average score for understanding stroke risk factors and prevention is 44.1% and 49.7%, respectively. Knowledge of stroke risk factors was substantially correlated with residency and educational level, while knowledge of stroke prevention was significantly associated with sex, income and educational level.ConclusionThis study indicates that patients with hypertension who participated in the study had poor knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention. The mean score of knowledge on risk factors and prevention strategies of stroke is 44.1% and 49.7%, respectively, and needs improvement.
| S-EPMC11580316 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There are currently limited data regarding paediatric Behçet's disease (BD), particularly in the UK. We describe the clinical spectrum, treatment and outcome of BD, and explore the relative sensitivities of the criteria for the diagnosis of BD in a UK paediatric cohort. Single retrospective case note review of children with a clinical diagnosis of BD presenting between 1987 and 2012. Demographics, clinical features, treatment and outcomes were recorded. The sensitivities of the International Study Group (ISG) and International Criteria for BD (ICBD) criteria were explored. BD disease activity was calculated using the Behçet's Disease Activity Index (BDAI). Forty-six patients (22 male) were identified. Median age of onset was 4.87 (0.04-15.71) years; median time to diagnosis was 3.74 (0.25-13.48) years. Clinical features were recurrent oral ulceration (97.8 %), recurrent genital ulceration (73.9 %), gastrointestinal (58.7 %), musculoskeletal (47.83 %), cutaneous (23.9 %) involvement and uveitis (2 %). Recurrent genital ulceration was more common in female patients (P = 0.044). Thirty-seven patients (80.4 %) fulfilled the ICBD criteria; only 12 patients (26.1 %) fulfilled the ISG criteria. BDAI score at diagnosis was 7/20 (0-10/20) and significantly decreased to 5/20 (0-9/20) (P < 0.0001) at latest follow-up. The commonest systemic treatment was colchicine (76.1 %); anti-TNFα treatment was reserved for severe cases (15.5 %). Paediatric BD in the UK may present very early in life, sometimes with a family history, and with a low incidence of ocular involvement. Diagnostic delay is common. The majority of our patients required systemic therapy; anti-TNFα was reserved for severe cases and has largely superseded the use of thalidomide.
| S-EPMC5031738 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInterprofessional learning is an important approach to preparing residents for collaborative practice. Limited knowledge and readiness of residents for interprofessional learning is considered one of the barriers and challenges for applying Interprofessional learning. We aimed to assess the perceptions of readiness of medical residents for interprofessional learning in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a parallel mixed-methods study design to assess the perceptions of readiness for interprofessional learning among internal medicine and neurology residents of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 1 to June 30, 2021. One hundred one residents were included in the quantitative arm of the study, using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) tool. All internal medicine and neurology residents who consented and were available during the study period were included. SPSS/PC version 25 software packages for statistical analysis (SPSS) was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were summarized as mean and standard deviation for continuous data as well as frequencies and percentages to describe categorical variables. Data were presented in tables. In addition, qualitative interviews were undertaken with six residents to further explore residents' knowledge and readiness for IPL. Data were analyzed using a six-step thematic analysis.ResultsOf the 101 residents surveyed, the majority of the study participants were male (74.3%). The total mean score of RIPLS was 96.7 ± 8.9. The teamwork and collaboration plus patient-centeredness sub-category of RIPLS got a higher score (total mean score: 59.3 ± 6.6 and 23.5 ± 2.5 respectively), whereas the professional identity sub-category got the lowest score (total mean score: 13.8 ± 4.7). Medical residents' perceptions of readiness for interprofessional learning did not appear to be significantly influenced by their gender, age, year of professional experience before the postgraduate study, and department. Additionally, the qualitative interviews also revealed that interprofessional learning is generally understood as a relevant platform of learning by neurology and internal medicine residents.ConclusionsWe found high scores on RIPLS for internal medicine and neurology postgraduate residents, and interprofessional learning is generally accepted as an appropriate platform for learning by the participants, which both suggest readiness for interprofessional learning. This may facilitate the implementation of interprofessional learning in the postgraduate medical curriculum in our setting. We recommend medical education developers in Ethiopia consider incorporating interprofessional learning models into future curriculum design.
| S-EPMC10811800 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDespite efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, Addis Ababa, the country's COVID-19 epicenter, is experiencing a sharp increase in the number of cases and death rate. While poor public adherence to COVID-19 precautionary practices is evident, factors associated with it are not well studied. We aimed to assess the level of practice of COVID-19 precaution and associated factors.MethodsThis was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from February 1st to 15th, 2021 at Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, a tertiary teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We used a structured questionnaire to conduct a face-to-face exit interview with clients visiting the hospital. Systematic random sampling was employed to recruit study participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were implemented to examine factors associated with precautionary practices. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. The Crude odds ratio (COR) and Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were reported with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsWe analyzed data obtained from 262 participants. The mean age of participants was 36 (SD+12) years. The majority (207, 79%) of the study participants had a favorable attitude towards prevention and control measures of COVID-19. A little over half (116, 55.7%) of the respondents had a satisfactory level of practice of COVID-19 precautions. Living in an area with strict enforcement of COVID-19 precautionary measures [AOR: 2.25, 95% CI (1.22-4.15)], and having a favorable attitude of COVID-19 prevention [AOR: 4.88, 95% CI (2.08-11.68)] were significantly associated with satisfactory COVID-19 precautionary practices.ConclusionsThe level of practice of COVID-19 precaution was unsatisfactory. Favorable attitude and stricter enforcement of COVID-19 preventive measures might have contributed more to adherence to precautionary practices. The findings highlight the need for a public health education strategy targeted at improving attitudes of the community on COVID-19 focusing on the effectiveness of preventive measures.
| S-EPMC9015144 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo describe the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features of the first 300 SARS-CoV-2-infected children presenting to a tertiary paediatric centre in Portugal.DesignSingle-centre, retrospective, descriptive study of paediatric patients who had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 7 March to 20 September 2020.SettingTertiary paediatric referral centre (Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal).Patients18 years or younger.Main outcome measuresIncidence, mortality, age of infection, clinical characteristics, treatment prescribed and outcome.ResultsThree hundred patients with confirmed COVID-19 presented to the centre. One hundred and seventeen (39%) patients were admitted to the hospital: 69 with COVID-19 and 48 for other reasons. The most common symptoms in children admitted with COVID-19 were fever (49) and cough (38). Six patients required intensive care. Two children died and seven reported short-term sequelae.ConclusionsCOVID-19 is usually a mild disease in children, but a small proportion of patients develop severe and critical disease. Fatal outcomes were rare and only occurred in children with severe previous medical conditions.
| S-EPMC9240441 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ambient air pollution is a growing public health concern in major African cities, including Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), where little information is available on fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm) pollution. This paper aims to characterize annual PM2.5, including bulk composition and seasonal patterns, in Addis Ababa. We collected 24-h PM2.5 samples in the central city every 6 days from November 2015 to November 2016. The mean (±SD) daily PM2.5 concentration was 53.8 (±25.0) µg/m3, with 90% of sampled days exceeding the World Health Organization's guidelines. Principal components were organic matter (OM, 44.5%), elemental carbon (EC, 25.4%), soil dust (13.5%), and SNA (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium ions, 8.2%). Higher PM2.5 concentrations were observed during the heavy rain season, while crustal dust concentrations ranged from 2.9 to 37.6%, with higher levels during dry months. Meteorological variables, vehicle emissions, biomass fuels, unpaved roads, and construction activity contribute to poor air quality. Compared to the Air Quality Index (AQI), 31% and 36% of observed days were unhealthy for everyone and unhealthy for sensitive groups, respectively. We recommend adopting effective prevention strategies and pursuing research on vehicle emissions, biomass burning, and dust control to curb air pollution in the city.
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Project description:BackgroundCatheter-associated urinary tract infection is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. They remain the second most common healthcare-associated infection in critically sick patients.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, the spectrum of etiological agents, antibiotic sensitivity profile of bacterial pathogens among adult patients admitted to intensive care units.Materials and methodsPatients admitted to the intensive care unit of hospitals in Addis Ababa who were on urethral indwelling catheters for >48 hours from October 2020 to September 2021 were included in the study. Urine specimens were aseptically collected and processed as per standard protocols. Microorganisms were isolated, identified, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing.ResultsIn all 220 pateints included in the study development of significant bacteriuria/candiduria was not affected by sex, age, and prior antibiotic therapy. However, the length of stay in the intensive care unit was significantly associated with bacteriuria /candiduria (P-value < 0.001). The overall prevalence of bacteriuria/candiduria was 51.4% among which 21.0%, 19.1%, and 11.4% were bacteriuria, candiduria, and polymicrobial infections, respectively. About 138 organisms were recovered of which 79 (57.25%) were bacteria and 59 (42.75%) were yeast isolates. Acinetobacter species, Pseudomonas species, Klebsiella species E. coli, and Enterococcus species were the dominant bacterial isolates. Candida. albicans, Candida. krusei and Candida. tropicalis were the commonest yeasts. Many gram-negative bacterial isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone 36(94.7%), ampicillin 21(91.3%) followed by cefotaxime34(89.5%), amikacin (16.0%), nitrofurantoin (17.4%), meropenem (20.0%) and imipenem (20.0%). Out of 79 bacterial pathogens, 52(65.8%) were multiple antibiotic resistant of which 37(71.0%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 15(29%%) were Gram-positive bacteria. About 13(86.7%) isolates of Acinetobacter, all isolates of Klebsiella species (100%) and E. coli (100%) were multiple antibiotic-resistant. Out Of 18,10(55.56%), isolates of Enterococcus were multiple antibiotic-resistant.ConclusionsA very high prevalence of bacteriuria/ candiduria was demonstrated in this study. This warrants the establishment of multidimensional infection control approach on catheter associated urinary tract infection in ICU. In addition to high prevalence of candiduria, recovery of non-albicans candida species almost in equal proportion with candida albicans in the present study was an important finding as non-albicans candida species distinct to C. albicans are intrinsically resistant to the commonly used azole antifungal drugs in Ethiopia. The prevalence of rate MDR bacteria in our ICU particularly of E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas and Acetobacter spp was very high. In order to combat this problem, proper antibiotic policies should be formulated.
| S-EPMC8939826 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe provision of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and services for schools is vital to students' health, development, and educational performance. However, school WASH coverage in developing countries remains low. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of WASH services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA school-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2020 in 98 schools. A multistage sampling technique was used to select schools included in the study. Data were collected using observational checklists and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires. We entered the data into EPI Info version 7.2.2.6 and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Logistic regression was used to examine the associated factors with school WASH services.ResultsThe basic school water, sanitation, and hygiene services were found to be 65.3%, 31.6%, and 36.7%, respectively. The facility-to-student ratio was 1:48 for drinking water point, 1:59 for toilet stance, and 1:147 for handwashing point. The analysis of facilities access by sex revealed that the toilet to student ratio was 1:68 for females and 1:49 for males, whereas the handwashing point-to-student ratio was 1:179 for females and 1:114 for males, indicating disparities in facilities access by sex. The non-functionality rates for drinking water, toilets, and handwashing facilities were 22.5%, 8%, and 19.5%, respectively. School ownership was significantly associated with the availability of basic water services [COR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.466-14.426] and basic sanitation services [COR = 15, 95% CI: 3.27-68.28]. Moreover, the results demonstrate training on WASH [COR = 5, 95% CI: 1.087-23.018] and teaching programs on WASH [COR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.056-0.810] were significantly associated with basic hygiene services.ConclusionsThe provision of WASH facilities and services in schools was inadequate and not on track to meet the targets of SDG 6. Training, WASH education program, and stakeholder commitment and cooperation at all levels are required to achieve the goal.
| S-EPMC10503287 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundA challenge to pre-hospital emergency care is any barrier or obstacle that impedes quality pre-hospital care or impacts community pre-hospital utilization. The Addis Ababa Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission (AAFDRMC) provides pre-hospital emergency services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. These services operate under a government-funded organization that delivers free emergency services, including out-of-hospital medical care and transportation to the most appropriate health facility. This study aimed to assess the challenges of pre-hospital emergency care at the Addis Ababa Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted from November 20 to December 4, 2022. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 experienced individuals in the field of pre-hospital emergency care, who were selected using purposeful sampling. A thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data.ResultsThis study includes twenty-one participants working at the Addis Ababa Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission. Three major themes emerged. The themes that arose were the participants' perspectives on the challenges of pre-hospital emergency care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Conclusion and recommendationThe Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission faces numerous challenges in providing quality pre-hospital emergency care in Addis Ababa. Respondents stated that infrastructure, communication, and resources were the main causes of pre-hospital emergency care challenges. There has to be more focus on emergency management in light of infrastructure reform, planning, staff training, and education, recruiting additional professional power, improving communication, and making pre-hospital emergency care an independent organization in the city.
| S-EPMC11241940 | biostudies-literature