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Comparative study of degradation of ketoprofen and paracetamol by ultrasonic irradiation: Mechanism, toxicity and DBP formation.

ABSTRACT: The present study comparatively investigated the ultrasonic degradation of ketoprofen (KET) and paracetamol (PCT) in water. Ultrasonic irradiation at 555 kHz achieved rapid degradation of KET and PCT in water, the removal efficiencies of KET (2.5-80 μM) and PCT (2.5-80 μM) reached 87.7%-100% and 50.6%-86.9%, respectively, after 10 min of reaction under an ultrasonic power of 60 W. The degradation behaviors of both KET and PCT followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. KET was eliminated faster than PCT because of its higher hydrophobicity. Acidic media favored ultrasonic degradation of KET and PCT. Organic compounds in water matrices exerted a great negative effect on the ultrasonic degradation rates of KET and PCT major by competing with target compounds with the generated radicals at the bubble/water interfacial region. The effects of anions were species dependent. The introduction of ClO₄^- and Cl^- enhanced KET and PCT degradation to different extents, while the introduction of HCO₃^- posed a negative effect on both KET and PCT. KET and PCT degradation are accompanied by the generation of several transform intermediates, as identified via LC/MS/MS analysis, and corresponding reaction pathways have been proposed. A human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) toxicity evaluation indicated that ultrasonic treatment was capable of controlling the toxicity of KET or PCT degradation. Of note, the enhanced formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), i.e., trichloromethane (TCM) and trichloronitromethane (TCNM), was found due to chlorination after ultrasonic treatment for both KET and PCT.

SUBMITTER: Gao YQ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8799747 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative study of degradation of ketoprofen and paracetamol by ultrasonic irradiation: Mechanism, toxicity and DBP formation.

Gao Yu-Qiong YQ Zhou Jin-Qiang JQ Rao Yan-Yan YY Ning Han H Zhang Jia J Shi Jun J Gao Nai-Yun NY

Ultrasonics sonochemistry 20211230

The present study comparatively investigated the ultrasonic degradation of ketoprofen (KET) and paracetamol (PCT) in water. Ultrasonic irradiation at 555 kHz achieved rapid degradation of KET and PCT in water, the removal efficiencies of KET (2.5-80 μM) and PCT (2.5-80 μM) reached 87.7%-100% and 50.6%-86.9%, respectively, after 10 min of reaction under an ultrasonic power of 60 W. The degradation behaviors of both KET and PCT followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. KET was eliminated faster tha ...[more]

PMID: 34979456

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Project description:Background and objectives: The combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol is widely used for pediatric postoperative pain management, although the evidence of superiority of a combination over either drug alone is insufficient. We aimed to find out if intravenous (i.v.) paracetamol in a dose of 60 mg kg-1 24 h-¹, given in addition to i.v. ketoprofen (4.5 mg kg-1 24 h-¹), improves analgesia, physical recovery, and satisfaction with postoperative well-being in children and adolescents following moderate and major general surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients were randomized to receive either i.v. paracetamol or normal saline as a placebo in adjunct to i.v. ketoprofen. For rescue analgesia in patients after moderate surgery, i.v. tramadol (2 mg kg-¹ up two doses in 24 h), and for children after major surgery, i.v. morphine-patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) were available. The main outcome measure was the amount of opioid consumed during the first 24 h after surgery. Pain level at 1 and over 24 h, time until the resumption of normal oral fluid intake, spontaneous urination after surgery, and satisfaction with postoperative well-being were also assessed. Results: Fifty-one patients (26 in the placebo group and 25 in the paracetamol group) were studied. There was no difference in required rescue tramadol doses (n = 11 in each group) or 24-h morphine consumption (mean difference (95% CI): 0.06 (⁻0.17; 0.29) or pain scores between placebo and paracetamol groups. In patients given morphine-PCA, time to normal fluid intake was faster in the paracetamol than the placebo subgroup: median difference (95% CI): 7.5 (1.3; 13.7) h, p = 0.02. Parental satisfaction score was higher in the paracetamol than the placebo group (mean difference: ⁻1.3 (⁻2.5; ⁻0.06), p = 0.04). Conclusions: There were no obvious benefits to opioid requirement or analgesia of adding regular intravenous paracetamol to intravenous ketoprofen in used doses. However, intravenous paracetamol may contribute to faster recovery of normal functions and higher satisfaction with postoperative well-being.

Dataset Information

Comparative study of degradation of ketoprofen and paracetamol by ultrasonic irradiation: Mechanism, toxicity and DBP formation.

Publications

Comparative study of degradation of ketoprofen and paracetamol by ultrasonic irradiation: Mechanism, toxicity and DBP formation.

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