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Impact of long-term dietary habits on the human gut resistome in the Dutch population.

ABSTRACT: The human gut microbiome plays a central role in health and disease. Environmental factors, such as lifestyle and diet, are known to shape the gut microbiome as well as the reservoir of resistance genes that these microbes harbour; the resistome. In this study we assessed whether long-term dietary habits within a single geographical region (the Netherlands) impact the human gut resistome. Faecal samples from Dutch omnivores, pescatarians, vegetarians and vegans were analysed by metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) (n = 149) and resistome capture sequencing approach (ResCap) (n = 64). Among all diet groups, 119 and 145 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected by MSS or ResCap, respectively. Five or fifteen ARGs were shared between all diet groups, based on MSS and ResCap, respectively. The total number of detected ARGs by MSS or ResCap was not significantly different between the groups. MSS also revealed that vegans have a distinct microbiome composition, compared to other diet groups. Vegans had a lower abundance of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis compared to pescatarians and a lower abundance of S. thermophilus when compared to omnivores. In summary, our study showed that long-term dietary habits are not associated with a specific resistome signature.

SUBMITTER: Stege PB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8814023 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of long-term dietary habits on the human gut resistome in the Dutch population.

Stege Paul B PB Hordijk Joost J Shetty Sudarshan A SA Visser Michael M Viveen Marco C MC Rogers Malbert R C MRC Gijsbers Esther E Dierikx Cindy M CM van der Plaats Rozemarijn Q J RQJ van Duijkeren Engeline E Franz Eelco E Willems Rob J L RJL Fuentes Susana S Paganelli Fernanda L FL

Scientific reports 20220203 1

The human gut microbiome plays a central role in health and disease. Environmental factors, such as lifestyle and diet, are known to shape the gut microbiome as well as the reservoir of resistance genes that these microbes harbour; the resistome. In this study we assessed whether long-term dietary habits within a single geographical region (the Netherlands) impact the human gut resistome. Faecal samples from Dutch omnivores, pescatarians, vegetarians and vegans were analysed by metagenomic shotg ...[more]

PMID: 35115599

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Project description:Microbiota transplant is becoming a popular process to restore or initiate "healthy" gut microbiota and immunity. But, the potential risks of the related practices need to be carefully evaluated. This study retrospectively examined the resistomes of donated fecal microbiota for treating intestinal disorders, vaginal microbiota of pregnant women, and infant fecal microbiota from rural and urban communities, as well as the impact of transplants on the fecal resistome of human and animal recipients. Antibiotic resistance (AR) genes were found to be abundant in all donor microbiota. An overall surge of resistomes with higher prevalence and abundance of AR genes was observed in the feces of all transplanted gnotobiotic pigs as well as in the feces of infant subjects, compared to those in donor fecal and maternal vaginal microbiota. Surprisingly, transplants using rural Amish microbiota led to more instead of less AR genes in the fecal microbiota of gnotobiotic pigs than did transplants using urban microbiota. New AR gene subtypes undetected originally also appeared in gnotobiotic pigs, in Crohn's Disease (CD) patients after transplant, and in feces of infant subjects. The data illustrated the key role of the host gastrointestinal tract system in amplifying the ever-increasing AR gene pool, even without antibiotic exposure. The data further suggest that the current approaches of microbiota transplant can introduce significant health risk factor(s) to the recipients, and newborn human and animal hosts with naïve gut microbiota were especially susceptible. Given the illustrated public health risks of microbiota transplant, minimizing massive and unnecessary damages to gut microbiota by oral antibiotics and other gut impacting drugs becomes important. Since eliminating risk factors including AR bacteria and opportunistic pathogens directly from donor microbiota is still difficult to achieve, developing microbial cocktails with defined organisms and functions has further become an urgent need, should microbiota transplantation become necessary.

Project description:ObjectiveMeditation has been widely used for the treatment of a variety of psychological, cardiovascular, and digestive diseases as well as chronic pain. Vegetarian diets can effectively prevent hypertension, metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, and certain cancers. Meditation and vegetarian diets have been recognized as components of a healthy lifestyle and have therefore attracted more people around the world. Meditation can help regulate overall health through the neural-endocrine-immune network. Changes in dietary habits can affect the composition of the intestinal flora, which in turn affects human physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function through the bacteria-intestine-brain axis. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of long-term meditation and vegan diet on human intestinal flora.Materials and methodsThe present study used 16S rDNA sequencing technology to detect the differences in intestinal flora between 12 healthy vegan subjects receiving long-term meditation training and 12 healthy omnivorous subjects who never received any meditation training.ResultsThe results showed that, compared with the subjects in the omnivorous healthy control group who had never received any meditation training, the intestinal flora structure in the people who followed the long-term vegan meditation practices changed significantly. The intersection set between the results of the LEfSe analysis and the Wilcoxon rank sum test includes 14 bacterial genera. These 14 genera are defined as the dominant genera, and the AUC value was 0.92 in the ROC curve, which demonstrates that the 14 genera can be used as a biomarker to distinguish the two groups. Three beneficial bacteria genera (Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, and Subdoligranulum) were significantly enriched in the meditation group with a threshold of 4, according to the LDAs. The functional prediction of differentially enriched intestinal flora showed that the metabolism of tyrosine, propionate, niacin, and nicotinamide in the intestinal micro-organisms in the meditation group was significantly reduced compared with those in the control group, while the biosynthesis of flavones, flavone alcohols, butosin, and neomycin; flavonoid-mediated oocyte maturation; cytoskeleton protein pathways; and antigen processing and presentation were significantly enhanced.ConclusionsThese results indicate that long-term vegan meditation plays a positive role in improving the body's immunity and adjusting endocrine and metabolic levels, enabling the body to be in a state of good health.

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Impact of long-term dietary habits on the human gut resistome in the Dutch population.

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Impact of long-term dietary habits on the human gut resistome in the Dutch population.

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