Dataset Information

Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study.

ABSTRACT:

Background and aims

There is limited data available on longitudinal humoral antibody dynamics following two doses of ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 among Indians.

Methods

We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study in vaccinated healthcare workers by serially measuring quantitative anti-spike antibody at 3-weeks, 3-months and 6-months after the completion of second dose. Geometric mean titer (GMT) and linear mixed models were used to assess the dynamics of antibody levels at 6 months.

Results

Of the 481 participants, GMT of anti-spike antibody decreased by 56% at 6-months regardless of age, gender, blood group, body-mass index and comorbidities in 360 SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals but significantly more in hypertensives. Participants with past infection had significantly higher GMT at all time points compared to the naive individuals. Among SARS-CoV-2 naive cohorts, a significantly higher GMT was noted amongst the Covishield recipients at all time points, but there was a 44% decline in GMT at 6-month compared to the peak titer period. Decline in GMT was insignificant (8%) in Covaxin recipients at 6-month despite a lower GMT at all time points vs. Covishield. There was 5.6-fold decrease in seropositivity rate at 6-month with both vaccines. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a lower seropositivity rate at all the time points. Seropositivity rate was significantly higher with Covishield vs. Covaxin at all time points except at 6-month where Covaxin recipients had a higher seropositivity rate but no difference noted in propensity-matched analysis.

Conclusions

There is waning humoral antibody response following two doses of either vaccine at six months. Covishield recipients had a higher anti-spike antibody GMT compared with Covaxin at all-time points, however a significant decline in antibody titers was seen with Covishield but not with Covaxin at 6-months.

SUBMITTER: Singh AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8816907 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study.

Singh Awadhesh Kumar AK Phatak Sanjeev Ratnakar SR Singh Ritu R Bhattacharjee Kingshuk K Singh Nagendra Kumar NK Gupta Arvind A Sharma Arvind A

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome 20220205 2

<h4>Background and aims</h4>There is limited data available on longitudinal humoral antibody dynamics following two doses of ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 among Indians.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study in vaccinated healthcare workers by serially measuring quantitative anti-spike antibody at 3-weeks, 3-months and 6-months after the completion of second dose. Geometric mean titer (GMT) and linear mixed models were used to ass ...[more]

PMID: 35150961

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Project description:BackgroundWe assessed the humoral immune response of both ChAdOx1-nCOV (CovishieldTM) and BBV-152 (CovaxinTM) vaccines in Indian health care workers (HCW).MethodsA Pan-India, Cross-sectional, Coronavirus Vaccine-induced Antibody Titre (COVAT) study was conducted that measured SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike binding antibody quantitatively, 21 days or more after the first and second dose of two vaccines in both severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) naïve and recovered HCW. Primary aim was to analyze antibody response (seropositivity rate, Geometric Mean Titre [GMT] and 95% Confidence Interval [CI]) following each dose of both vaccines and its correlation to age, sex, blood group, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities. Here we report the results of anti-spike antibody response after first and two completed doses.ResultsAmong the 515 HCW (305 Male, 210 Female) who took two doses of both vaccines, 95.0% showed seropositivity to anti-spike antibody. However, both seropositivity rate and GMT (95% CI) of anti-spike antibody was significantly higher in Covishield vs. Covaxin recipients (98.1 vs. 80.0%; 129.3 vs. 48.3 AU/mL; both p < 0.001). This difference persisted in 457 SARS-CoV-2 naïve and propensity-matched (age, sex and BMI) analysis of 116 participants. Age > 60-years, males, people with any comorbidities, and history of hypertension (HTN) had a significantly less anti-spike antibody GMT compared to age ≤ 60 years, females, no comorbidities and no HTN respectively, after the completion of two doses of either vaccine. Gender, presence of comorbidities, and vaccine type were independent predictors of antibody seropositivity rate and anti-spike antibody titre levels in multiple logistic and log transformed linear regression analysis. Both vaccine recipients had similar solicited mild to moderate adverse events and none had severe or unsolicited side effects.ConclusionsBoth vaccines elicited good immune response after two doses, although seropositivity rates and GMT of anti-spike antibody titre was significantly higher in Covishield compared to Covaxin recipients.

Project description:BackgroundPrimary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been shown to wane with time and provide lower protection from disease with new viral variants, prompting the WHO to recommend the administration of booster doses. We determined the safety and immunogenicity of homologous or heterologous boosters with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVISHIELD™) or BBV152 (COVAXIN®), the two vaccines used widely for primary immunization in India, in participants who had already received two primary doses of these vaccines.MethodsParticipants primed with two doses each of COVISHIELD™ or COVAXIN® 12-36 weeks previously, were randomised to receive either COVISHIELD™ or COVAXIN® booster in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was day 28 post-booster anti-spike IgG seropositivity and secondary outcomes were anti-spike IgG levels and assessment of safety and reactogenicity. The results of 90 days intention-to-treat analysis are presented. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (CTRI/2021/08/035648).FindingsIn the COVISHIELD™ primed group with 200 participants, the seropositivity 28 days post booster in the heterologous COVAXIN® arm was 99% and non-inferior to the homologous COVISHIELD™ arm, which was also 99% (difference 0%; 95% CI: -2.8% to 2.7%). The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-spike antibodies following heterologous COVAXIN® boost on day 28 was 36,190.78 AU/mL (95% CI: 30,526.64-42,905.88) while the GMC following homologous COVISHIELD™ boost was 97,445.09 AU/mL (82,626.97-114,920.7). In the COVAXIN® primed group with 204 participants, the seropositivity 28 days post booster in the heterologous COVISHIELD™ arm was 100% and non inferior to the homologous COVAXIN® arm which was 96% (difference 4%, 95% CI: 0.2%-7.8%). The GMC following heterologous COVISHIELD™ boost was 241,681.6 AU/mL (95% CI: 201,380.2-290,048.3) compared to homologous COVAXIN® boost, which was 48,473.94 AU/mL (95% CI: 38,529.56-60,984.95). The day 28 geometric mean ratio (GMR) of the anti-spike IgG between the heterologous and homologous boosted arms was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.34-0.52) in the COVISHIELD™ primed group and 5.11 (95% CI: 3.83-6.81) in the COVAXIN® primed group. There were no related serious adverse events reported in any group.InterpretationHomologous and heterologous boosting with COVISHIELD™ or COVAXIN® in COVISHIELD™ or COVAXIN® primed individuals are immunogenic and safe. A heterologous boost with COVISHIELD™ after COVAXIN® prime offers the best immune response among the four combinations evaluated.FundingAzim Premji Foundation and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Project description:Background and objectivesThe immunogenicity of vaccines is known to be attenuated in patients with end-stage kidney disease due to uremia. Patients on dialysis were excluded from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine trials; thus, the effectiveness of vaccines for this population is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether Asian dialysis patients can effectively produce an immune response after being vaccinated with the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.Design setting, participants, and measurementsIn this prospective cohort study, we included Asian hemodialysis patients who received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. At 3 weeks after the first dose of vaccination, we assessed the humoral immune response by measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody titers. The primary outcome was the seropositive rate following vaccination, defined as an antibody titer greater than or equal to 0.8 U/ml. Factors associated with seropositivity were explored in multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 434 participants were included. The mean age was 64 years, the mean dialysis vintage was 6 years, and 61% of the participants were men. At a mean time of 22 days from vaccination, 56% of the participants were seropositive. The vast majority (88%) had low antibody titers (< 15 U/ml). The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that older age (every increase of 10 years, odds ratio [OR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98, p = 0.03) was negatively associated with seropositivity and that higher Kt/V (every increase of 0.1, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, p = 0.03) and higher serum albumin level (every increase of 0.1 g/dl, OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.18, p = 0.02) were positively associated with seropositivity.ConclusionsIn Asian hemodialysis patients, the seropositive rate was low, and most had low antibody titers after the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Younger age, better dialysis adequacy, and higher albumin levels were associated with seropositivity.

Dataset Information

Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study.

Background and aims

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study.

Similar Datasets

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