Dataset Information

Introducing Nafion for In Situ Desalting and Biofluid Profiling in Spray Mass Spectrometry.

ABSTRACT: We introduce Nafion into the ambient ionization technique of spray mass spectrometry to serve for in situ desalting and direct analysis of biological fluids. Nafion was coated onto the surface of the triangular spray tip as the cation exchange material. Because the sulfonic group from the Nafion membrane effectively exchanges their carried protons with inorganic salt ions (e.g., Na⁺ and K⁺), the analyte's ionization efficiency can be significantly enhanced by reducing ion suppression. The desalting efficiency can reach 90% and the maximum tolerance of the absolute salt amount reaches 100 μmol. The mass spectral profile can also be simplified by removing the multiple adducted ion types from small-molecule drugs and metabolites ([M + Na]⁺ and [M + K]⁺), or multiply charged ions formed by proteins ([M + nNa]ⁿ⁺ and [M + nK]ⁿ⁺). Thus, the Nafion coating makes less ambiguous data interpretation collected from spray mass spectrometry for qualitative profiling or quantitative measurement of a target analyte.

SUBMITTER: Song X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8821663 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Introducing Nafion for In Situ Desalting and Biofluid Profiling in Spray Mass Spectrometry.

Song Xiaowei X Mofidfar Mohammad M Zare Richard N RN

Frontiers in chemistry 20220125

We introduce Nafion into the ambient ionization technique of spray mass spectrometry to serve for in situ desalting and direct analysis of biological fluids. Nafion was coated onto the surface of the triangular spray tip as the cation exchange material. Because the sulfonic group from the Nafion membrane effectively exchanges their carried protons with inorganic salt ions (e.g., Na+ and K+), the analyte's ionization efficiency can be significantly enhanced by reducin ...[more]

PMID: 35145954

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Project description:RationaleThe performance of mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is often affected by the presence of salt ions. To achieve optimal MS detection results, desalting is necessary for samples with high salt concentrations. We report a rapid, low-cost and flexible online desalting method using Nafion-coated sponge. This method is easy to perform and can be implemented to a wide range of customized fluidic systems.MethodsNafion-coated melamine sponge was fabricated by soaking a glass tube containing a melamine sponge in Nafion solution and then drying overnight. The online desalting workflow is comprised of three major parts: (1) Syringe pump, which provides a continuous flow for the online fluid system; (2) Nafion sponge in a glass tube, where the online desalting of sample solution happens; (3) Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization (cVSSI), which is an ionization technique to ionize the desalted analytes.ResultsEffective online desalting of a 10 mM NaCl solution was demonstrated for a wide range of molecules including small molecules, peptides, DNAs, and proteins using a flow rate of 10 μL/min. By incorporating multiple pieces of the Nafion-coated sponge, effective desalting for ubiquitin and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) from physiological buffers, including phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and tris-buffered saline (TBS), were also achieved. For molecules that are sensitive to low pH conditions after desalting, a R-SO3 NH4 -type Nafion-coated sponge was fabricated. Desalting of ubiquitin, oligosaccharide, and DNA oligomers from 10 mM NaCl or 10 mM KCl solutions was demonstrated.ConclusionsFlexible, low-cost, and efficient online desalting was achieved by the Nafion-coated sponge. A variety of molecules ranging from small molecules, peptides, proteins to oligosaccharides and DNAs can be desalted for MS analysis. The desalting by Nafion sponge has great potential for desalting applications that require customized fluidic design and rapid analysis.

Dataset Information

Introducing Nafion for In Situ Desalting and Biofluid Profiling in Spray Mass Spectrometry.

Publications

Introducing Nafion for <i>In Situ</i> Desalting and Biofluid Profiling in Spray Mass Spectrometry.

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