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Case Report: Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Due to Chaetomium strumarium in a Child with Visceral Heterotaxy Syndrome.

ABSTRACT: Chaetomium sp. is a mold, member of the phylum Ascomycota. Clinical disease in humans is rare, particularly in children, for which only five cases have been reported. We report a 7-months-old female patient with a diagnosis of visceral heterotaxy syndrome who was admitted to a private center in Mexico. After two episodes of focal myoclonic seizure, a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a right porencephalic cyst and a right frontal abscess with ventriculitis. Seventy-two hours after temporal abscesses drainage procedure, the culture showed a rapidly growing pale white fungal colony. Sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 led to the identification of Chaetomium strumarium. Although Chaetomium sp. is a rare fungal infection in humans, clinicians should consider it as a plausible etiologic agent that can form brain abscess.

SUBMITTER: Cardenas Del Castillo B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8832948 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Case Report: Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Due to Chaetomium strumarium in a Child with Visceral Heterotaxy Syndrome.

Cárdenas Del Castillo Bárbara B Bejarano Jose Iván Castillo JIC DeLaGarza-Pineda Oscar O Ruiz José Ascención Arenas JAA Villanueva Lozano Hiram H Treviño-Rangel Rogelio de J RJ González M Gloria G García Martínez Joyce Marie JM

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 20211122 2

Chaetomium sp. is a mold, member of the phylum Ascomycota. Clinical disease in humans is rare, particularly in children, for which only five cases have been reported. We report a 7-months-old female patient with a diagnosis of visceral heterotaxy syndrome who was admitted to a private center in Mexico. After two episodes of focal myoclonic seizure, a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a right porencephalic cyst and a right frontal abscess with ventriculitis. Seventy-two hours after ...[more]

PMID: 34814109

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Project description:BackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, affecting 1% of children who are born in the United States each year. Children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a type of critical CHD, are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities, which are conditions that can affect motor, language, and cognitive development. In children with critical CHD, the severity and prevalence of their motor delays is most pronounced in infancy.Case descriptionWe present a case of a former late preterm male with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and history of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, who was diagnosed with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy in the setting of periventricular leukomalacia. Like many children with critical CHD, this child had gross motor delays and tone abnormalities in infancy. However, unlike many children with CHD, he continued to have neurologic differences that prompted additional evaluation through a Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Program. He was diagnosed with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy based upon clinical history and physical examination. Ancillary testing showed periventricular leukomalacia on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); this finding was consistent with his clinical diagnosis.ConclusionsThis is an interesting case report of spastic diplegic cerebral palsy in a late preterm infant with critical CHD. When making a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, it is important to consider the etiology of the motor impairment. Selective vulnerability may have played a factor in this child's condition. The most vulnerable part of the neonatal brain is the periventricular white matter; cerebral hypoxia can lead to periventricular leukomalacia. Children with CHD have brain dysmaturity beginning in-utero. Thus, it is possible that this child's brain dysmaturity may have increased his susceptibility to periventricular leukomalacia. Because most children with CHD have gross motor delays in infancy, it may be challenging to make a definitive diagnosis of cerebral palsy in an infant with critical CHD. Children with cerebral palsy have early motor delays that persist throughout life. It is the identification of persistent motor impairments through repeat evaluations that enabled this child's cerebral palsy diagnosis. This illustrates the importance of developmental surveillance in children with critical CHD.

Dataset Information

Case Report: Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Due to Chaetomium strumarium in a Child with Visceral Heterotaxy Syndrome.

Publications

Case Report: Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Due to Chaetomium strumarium in a Child with Visceral Heterotaxy Syndrome.

Similar Datasets

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