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Catalytic role of formaldehyde in particulate matter formation.

ABSTRACT: Formaldehyde (HCHO), the simplest and most abundant carbonyl in the atmosphere, contributes to particulate matter (PM) formation via two in-cloud processing pathways. First, in a catalytic pathway, HCHO reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP), which rapidly oxidizes dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO2,aq) to sulfate, regenerating HCHO. Second, HCHO reacts with dissolved SO2,aq to form hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), which upon oxidation with the hydroxyl radical (OH) forms sulfate and also reforms HCHO. Chemical transport model simulations using rate coefficients from laboratory studies of the reaction rate of HMHP with SO2,aq show that the HMHP pathways reduce the SO2 lifetime by up to a factor of 2 and contribute up to ∼18% of global sulfate. This contribution rises to >50% in isoprene-dominated regions such as the Amazon. Combined with recent results on HMS, this work demonstrates that the one-carbon molecules HMHP and HCHO contribute significantly to global PM, with HCHO playing a crucial catalytic role.

SUBMITTER: Dovrou E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8833171 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Catalytic role of formaldehyde in particulate matter formation.

Dovrou Eleni E Bates Kelvin H KH Moch Jonathan M JM Mickley Loretta J LJ Jacob Daniel J DJ Keutsch Frank N FN

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20220201 6

Formaldehyde (HCHO), the simplest and most abundant carbonyl in the atmosphere, contributes to particulate matter (PM) formation via two in-cloud processing pathways. First, in a catalytic pathway, HCHO reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP), which rapidly oxidizes dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO2,aq) to sulfate, regenerating HCHO. Second, HCHO reacts with dissolved SO2,aq to form hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), whi ...[more]

PMID: 35101978

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Project description:Murine Pulmonary Responses to Ambient Baltimore Particulate Matter: Genomic Analysis and Contribution to Airway Hyperresponsiveness Asthma is a complex disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and chronic airway inflammation. Environmental factors such as ambient particulate matter (PM), a major air pollutant, has been demonstrated in epidemiological studies to contribute to asthma exacerbation and increased asthma prevalence. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the genomic and pathophysiological effects of Baltimore PM (median diameter 1.78 µm) in a murine model of asthma to identify potential biomarkers. METHODS: A/J mice with ovalbumin (OVA) –induced AHR were exposed to PM (20 mg/kg, intratracheal), and both AHR and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were assayed on days 1, 4, and 7 post exposure. Lung gene expression profiling (Affymetrix Mouse430_ 2.0) by PM (20 mg/kg, intratracheal) were assayed on OVA- and / or PM--challenged mice. RESULTS: Significant increases of airway responsiveness in OVA-treated mice were observed, indicating an asthmatic phenotype. Ambient PM exposure induced significant changes in AHR in both naive mice and OVA-induced asthmatic mice. In both naive and OVA challenged asthmatic mice, PM induced eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration into airways, elevated BAL protein content, and stimulated secretion of TH1 cytokines (IFN-g, IL-6, and TNF-a) and TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and eotaxin) into BAL. Consistent with these results, PM induced expression of genes of innate immune response, chemotaxis and complementary system. CONCLUSION: These studies, consistent with epidemiological data, indicate that PM increases AHR and lung inflammation in naïve mice and exacerbates the asthma phenotype of increased AHR and gene expression pattern changes correlated with acute lung inflammation and airway damage. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression induced by rhPBEF treatment and VALI. Keywords: gene expression

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Catalytic role of formaldehyde in particulate matter formation.

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Catalytic role of formaldehyde in particulate matter formation.

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