Multifaceted Interplay between Hormones, Growth Factors and Hypoxia in the Tumor Microenvironment.

ABSTRACT: Hormones and growth factors (GFs) are signaling molecules implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes. They play important roles in both healthy and tumor cells, where they function by binding to specific receptors on target cells and activating downstream signaling cascades. The stages of tumor progression are influenced by hormones and GF signaling. Hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer progression, contributes to tumor plasticity and heterogeneity. Most solid tumors contain a hypoxic core due to rapid cellular proliferation that outgrows the blood supply. In these circumstances, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a central role in the adaptation of tumor cells to their new environment, dramatically reshaping their transcriptional profile. HIF signaling is modulated by a v

SUBMITTER: Lappano R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8833523 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature