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Monocytes and Macrophages in Spondyloarthritis: Functional Roles and Effects of Current Therapies.

ABSTRACT: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of chronic inflammatory diseases, being the most prevalent ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). These diseases share genetic, clinical and immunological features, such as the implication of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule 27 (HLA-B27), the inflammation of peripheral, spine and sacroiliac joints and the presence of extra-articular manifestations (psoriasis, anterior uveitis, enthesitis and inflammatory bowel disease). Monocytes and macrophages are essential cells of the innate immune system and are the first line of defence against external agents. In rheumatic diseases including SpA, the frequency and phenotypic and functional characteristics of both cell types are deregulated and are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In fact, monocytes and macrophages play key roles in the inflammatory processes characteristics of SpA. The aim of this review is analysing the characteristics and functional roles of monocytes and macrophages in these diseases, as well as the impact of different current therapies on these cell types.

SUBMITTER: Martinez-Ramos S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8834543 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Monocytes and Macrophages in Spondyloarthritis: Functional Roles and Effects of Current Therapies.

Martínez-Ramos Sara S Rafael-Vidal Carlos C Pego-Reigosa José M JM García Samuel S

Cells 20220202 3

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of chronic inflammatory diseases, being the most prevalent ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). These diseases share genetic, clinical and immunological features, such as the implication of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule 27 (HLA-B27), the inflammation of peripheral, spine and sacroiliac joints and the presence of extra-articular manifestations (psoriasis, anterior uveitis, enthesitis and inflammatory bowel disease). Monocy ...[more]

PMID: 35159323

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Project description:ObjectiveMacrophages are multifunctional immune cells widely used in immunological research. While autologous macrophages have been widely used in several biomedical applications, allogeneic macrophages have also demonstrated similar or even superior therapeutic potential. The umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a well-described source of abundant allogenic monocytes and macrophages that is easy to collect and can be processed without invasive methods. Current monocyte isolation procedures frequently result in heterogenous cell products, with limited yields, activated cells, and high cost. This study outlines a simple isolation method that results in high yields and pure monocytes with the potential to differentiate into functional macrophages.Materials and methodsIn the experimental study, we describe a simple and efficient protocol to isolate highpurity monocytes. After collection of human UCB samples, we used a gradient-based procedure composed of three consecutive gradient steps: i. Hydroxyethyl starch-based erythrocytes sedimentation, followed by ii. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolation by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient, and iii. Separation of monocytes from lymphocytes by a slight hyperosmolar Percoll gradient (0.573 g/ml). Then the differentiation potential of isolated monocytes to pro- and antiinflammatory macrophages were evaluated in the presence of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage CSF (M-CSF), respectively. The macrophages were functionally characterized as well.ResultsA high yield of monocytes after isolation (25 to 50 million) with a high purity (>95%) could be obtained from every 100-150 ml UCB. Isolated monocytes were defined based on their phenotype and surface markers expression pattern. Moreover, they possess the ability to differentiate into pro- or anti-inflammatory macrophages with specific phenotypes, gene/surface protein markers, cytokine secretion patterns, T-cell interactions, and phagocytosis activity.ConclusionHere we describe a simple and reproducible procedure for isolation of pure monocytes from UCB, which could be utilized to provide functional macrophages as a reliable and feasible source of allogenic macrophages for biomedical research.

Dataset Information

Monocytes and Macrophages in Spondyloarthritis: Functional Roles and Effects of Current Therapies.

Publications

Monocytes and Macrophages in Spondyloarthritis: Functional Roles and Effects of Current Therapies.

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