Dataset Information

Effect of Ethylene and Abscisic Acid on Steroid and Triterpenoid Synthesis in Calendula officinalis Hairy Roots and Saponin Release to the Culture Medium.

ABSTRACT: Phytohormones (plant growth regulators) can be applied as efficient elicitors to enhance the productivity of plant in vitro cultures, due to their significance in regulating the plant metabolism and strong influence on plant defense responses. In the present study, the effects of exogenous ethylene (ETY, applied in the form of ethephon as an ethylene-generating agent) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the synthesis of triterpenoids and steroids in Calendula officinalis hairy roots were investigated. ABA appeared to be an efficient elicitor of the biosynthesis of triterpenoid oleanolic acid (almost two-fold) and the release of its glycosides (saponins) to the culture medium (up to 6.6-fold). ETY had only a slight effect on triterpenoid metabolism; instead, it strongly influenced steroid metabolism, leading to profound modifications of the quantitative profiles of these compounds, particularly the ratio of stigmasterol to sitosterol. Both the applied phytohormones influenced the interplay between steroid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, revealing the symptoms of their competition.

SUBMITTER: Markowski M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8839607 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Ethylene and Abscisic Acid on Steroid and Triterpenoid Synthesis in <i>Calendula officinalis</i> Hairy Roots and Saponin Release to the Culture Medium.

Markowski Michał M Alsoufi Abdulwadood Shakir Mahmood ASM Szakiel Anna A Długosz Marek M

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20220124 3

Phytohormones (plant growth regulators) can be applied as efficient elicitors to enhance the productivity of plant in vitro cultures, due to their significance in regulating the plant metabolism and strong influence on plant defense responses. In the present study, the effects of exogenous ethylene (ETY, applied in the form of ethephon as an ethylene-generating agent) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the synthesis of triterpenoids and steroids in <i>Calendula officinalis</i> hairy roots were investiga ...[more]

PMID: 35161284

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Project description:Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an herbaceous ornamental and medicinal plant. Climate models predict a reduction of precipitations and increasing the average temperature. Therefore, agricultural plants will be more frequently exposed to water deficit stress. To investigate the influence of nano-silicon foliar application (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L- 1) on the alleviation of drought stress (100, 75, and 50% Field capacity (FC)) adverse effects on marigold plant characteristics, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The chlorophyll content of plants treated with nano-silicon 200 mg L- 1 decreased by 8.39% when drought stress increased from 100 to 50% FC. In line with electrolyte leakage percentage, the highest malondialdehyde and H2O2 content was measured in non-treated plants under a drought level of 50% FC. The activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes increased with increasing nano-silicon concentration and drought stress severity. Under all levels of nano-silicon treatment, the cell's abscisic acid content increased with increasing drought severity. Also, the highest abscisic acid content was measured in plants treated with nano-silicon 100 and 200 mg L- 1. There was a significant negative correlation between electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and H2O2 content, and morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments content, total protein, and antioxidant enzymes activity. The positive effect of nano-silicon application is correlated with enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity, membrane stability, and cell osmotic potential. Also, one of the most critical mechanisms of silicon's effect on the alleviation of stress damage is the regulation of abscisic acid signaling. As a result, foliar application of nano-silicon could be introduced as a promising and influential technique to overcome the adverse effects of drought stress on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of the marigold plant.

Dataset Information

Effect of Ethylene and Abscisic Acid on Steroid and Triterpenoid Synthesis in Calendula officinalis Hairy Roots and Saponin Release to the Culture Medium.

Publications

Effect of Ethylene and Abscisic Acid on Steroid and Triterpenoid Synthesis in <i>Calendula officinalis</i> Hairy Roots and Saponin Release to the Culture Medium.

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