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Association between reactogenicity and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after the second dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.

ABSTRACT: High vaccine reactogenicities may reflect stronger immune responses, but the epidemiological evidence for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is sparse and inconsistent. We observed that a fever of ≥38℃ after two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine was associated with higher severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike IgG titers.

SUBMITTER: Yamamoto S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8841206 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between reactogenicity and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after the second dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.

Yamamoto Shohei S Fukunaga Ami A Tanaka Akihito A Takeuchi Junko S JS Inoue Yosuke Y Kimura Moto M Maeda Kenji K Ueda Gohzoh G Mizoue Tetsuya T Ujiie Mugen M Sugiura Wataru W Ohmagari Norio N

Vaccine 20220214 13

High vaccine reactogenicities may reflect stronger immune responses, but the epidemiological evidence for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is sparse and inconsistent. We observed that a fever of ≥38℃ after two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine was associated with higher severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike IgG titers. ...[more]

PMID: 35183384

Similar Datasets

SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine-induced humoral response and reactogenicity in individuals with prior COVID-19 disease.

Project description:BACKGROUNDMost individuals with prior COVID-19 disease manifest long-term protective immune responses against reinfection. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that humoral immune and reactogenicity responses to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine differ in individuals with and without prior COVID-19 disease.METHODSHealth care workers (n = 61) with (n = 30) and without (n = 31) prior COVID-19 disease received two 30 μg doses of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine 3 weeks apart. Serum IgG antibody against the spike receptor-binding domain; serum neutralizing activity; and vaccine reactogenicity were assessed longitudinally every 2 weeks for 56 days after the first injection.RESULTSThe COVID-19 group manifested more rapid increases in spike IgG antibody and serum neutralizing activity after the first vaccine dose but showed little or no increase after the second dose compared with the infection-naive group. In fact, spike IgG was at its maximum level after the first dose in 36% of the COVID-19 group versus 0% of the infection-naive group. Peak IgG antibody levels were lower but appeared to fall more slowly in the COVID-19 group versus the infection-naive group. Finally, adverse systemic reactions, e.g., fever, headache, and malaise, were more frequent and lasted longer after both the first and second injection in the COVID-19 group than in the infection-naive group.CONCLUSIONIndividuals with prior COVID-19 disease demonstrate a robust, accelerated humoral immune response to the first dose but an attenuated response to the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine compared with controls. The COVID-19 group also experienced greater reactogenicity. Humoral responses and reactogenicity to BNT162b2 differ qualitatively and quantitatively in individuals with prior COVID-19 disease compared with infection-naive individuals.FUNDINGThis work was supported by Temple University institutional funds.

| S-EPMC8876462 | biostudies-literature

Comparison of CLEIA and ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 Virus Antibodies after First and Second Dose Vaccinations with the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine.

Project description:The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has required rapid action to control its spread and vaccines are a fundamental solution to this pandemic. The development of rapid and reliable serological tests to monitor the antibody response to coronavirus disease vaccines is necessary for post-vaccination immune responses. Therefore, in this study, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after the first and second doses were monitored using two different measurement systems, a highly sensitive analytical platform of chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study included 121 participants who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Both methods show significant increase in anti-spike protein IgG antibody levels one week after the first vaccination, and then reached at a plateau at week five (week two after the second dose), with a 3.8 × 103-fold rise in CLEIA and a 22-fold rise in ELISA. CLEIA and ELISA showed a good correlation in the high titer range, >10 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL. Both methods detected higher IgG antibody levels in females compared with male participants after the second vaccination, while CLEIA exhibits the sex difference after the first dose. Thus, our study showed better performance of CLEIA over ELISA in sensitivity, especially in the low concentration range, however ELISA was also useful in the high titer range (>10 BAU/mL) corresponding to the level seen several weeks after the first vaccination.

| S-EPMC9033149 | biostudies-literature

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization with BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose 3.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8461567 | biostudies-literature

Temporal relation between second dose BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine and cardiac involvement in a patient with previous SARS-COV-2 infection.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8011690 | biostudies-literature

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies after the Second and Third Dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine and Association with Epidemiological Characteristics and Breakthrough Infection in a Cohort Study of Healthcare Workers.

Project description:To prospectively study the kinetics of immune responses after immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and their association with epidemiological parameters and breakthrough infection (BI), we measured total (TAbs-WT) and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (NAbs-WT) and Omicron (NAbs-O) SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in healthcare workers (HCWs) after the second (4 and 8 months) and third dose (1 and 8 months). Vaccinated HCWs (n = 486), with a median age (IQR) of 49 years (38-56), were included in this prospective cohort study. BI was observed 4 and 8 months after the second dose in 8/486 (1.6%) and 15/486 (3.1%) HCWs, respectively, and 1 and 8 months after the third dose in 17/486 (3.5%) and 152/486 (31.3%) HCWs, respectively. A comparison of immune responses 1 month after the third dose in vaccinated HCWs without a BI or with a BI in the next 7 months did not detect any statistically significant differences in the TAbs-WT (median (IQR): 16,611.0 (13,011.0) U/mL vs. 17,572.5 (14,501.0) U/mL, p = 0.529) and NAbs-WT (median (IQR): 96.5% (1.7) vs. 96.7% (1.9), p = 0.555). After infection, HCWs with a BI had significantly increased TAbs-WT levels at all time points compared to healthy HCWs. The findings of the present study indicate that antibody levels after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine are not directly associated with the possibility of a BI.

| S-EPMC10458561 | biostudies-literature

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies after the second BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Japanese kidney transplant recipients.

Project description:We aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and investigated factors associated with seropositivity after the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. This retrospective study conducted between June and November 2021 included 106 KT recipients and 127 healthy controls who received the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine at least 7 days before the measurement of antibody titers. The antibody titer against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was determined. We compared seroprevalence rates (immunoglobulin G [IgG] level of ≥ 0.8 or ≥ 15 U/mL) between the healthy controls and KT recipients and identified factors associated with impaired humoral response. The seroprevalence rate of the healthy controls and KT recipients was 98% and 22%, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age > 53 years, rituximab use, mycophenolate mofetil use, and KT vintage < 7 years were negatively associated with the rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG ≥ 15 U/mL in KT recipients. ABO blood type incompatible KT was not significantly associated with seroprevalence. Humoral response after the second BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was greatly hindered by immunosuppression therapy in KT recipients. Older age, rituximab use, mycophenolate mofetil use, and KT vintage may play key roles in seroconversion.

| S-EPMC8988536 | biostudies-literature

Single-dose BNT162b2 vaccine protects against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Project description:The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) is being utilised internationally for mass COVID-19 vaccination. Evidence of single-dose protection against symptomatic disease has encouraged some countries to opt for delayed booster doses of BNT162b2, but the effect of this strategy on rates of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. We previously demonstrated frequent pauci- and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) during the UK's first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a comprehensive PCR-based HCW screening programme (Rivett et al., 2020; Jones et al., 2020). Here, we evaluate the effect of first-dose BNT162b2 vaccination on test positivity rates and find a fourfold reduction in asymptomatic infection amongst HCWs ≥12 days post-vaccination. These data provide real-world evidence of short-term protection against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, suggesting that mass first-dose vaccination will reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, as well as the burden of COVID-19 disease.

| S-EPMC8064747 | biostudies-literature

Efficient maternal to neonatal transfer of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

Project description:BACKGROUNDThe significant risks posed to mothers and fetuses by COVID-19 in pregnancy have sparked a worldwide debate surrounding the pros and cons of antenatal SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, as we lack sufficient evidence regarding vaccine effectiveness in pregnant women and their offspring. We aimed to provide substantial evidence for the effect of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine versus native infection on maternal humoral, as well as transplacentally acquired fetal immune response, potentially providing newborn protection.METHODSA multicenter study where parturients presenting for delivery were recruited at 8 medical centers across Israel and assigned to 3 study groups: vaccinated (n = 86); PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infected during pregnancy (n = 65), and unvaccinated noninfected controls (n = 62). Maternal and fetal blood samples were collected from parturients prior to delivery and from the umbilical cord following delivery, respectively. Sera IgG and IgM titers were measured using the Milliplex MAP SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Panel (for S1, S2, RBD, and N).RESULTSThe BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine elicits strong maternal humoral IgG response (anti-S and RBD) that crosses the placenta barrier and approaches maternal titers in the fetus within 15 days following the first dose. Maternal to neonatal anti-COVID-19 antibodies ratio did not differ when comparing sensitization (vaccine vs. infection). IgG transfer ratio at birth was significantly lower for third-trimester as compared with second trimester infection. Lastly, fetal IgM response was detected in 5 neonates, all in the infected group.CONCLUSIONAntenatal BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination induces a robust maternal humoral response that effectively transfers to the fetus, supporting the role of vaccination during pregnancy.FUNDINGIsrael Science Foundation and the Weizmann Institute Fondazione Henry Krenter.

| S-EPMC8245182 | biostudies-literature

Third-Dose BNT162b2 Vaccination Elicits Markedly High-Level SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibodies in Vaccinees Who Responded Poorly to a Second Dose in Japan.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9129163 | biostudies-literature

BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine Reactogenicity: The key role of immunity.

Project description:We examined the impact of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity on BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine reactogenicity. Of 96 healthcare workers (HCWs), 76% reported any vaccine reaction (first dose: 70%, second dose: 67%), none of which was severe. Following first dose, systemic reactions were significantly more frequent among HCWs with past infection than in infection-naïve individuals, and among HCWs with pre-existing cellular immunity than in those without it. The rate of systemic reactions after second dose was 1.7 and 2.0-times higher than after first dose among infection-naïve HCWs and those without pre-existing cellular immunity, respectively. Levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells before vaccination were higher in HCWs with systemic reactions after the first dose than in those without them. BNT162b2 vaccine reactogenicity after first dose is attributable to pre-existing cellular immunity elicited by prior COVID-19 or cross-reactivity. Reactogenicity following second dose suggests an immunity-boosting effect. Overall, these data may reduce negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. Study Registration. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04402827.

| S-EPMC8580836 | biostudies-literature

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