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Antibody and memory B-cell immunity in a heterogeneously SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated population.

ABSTRACT: Global population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is accumulating through heterogenous combinations of infection and vaccination. Vaccine distribution in low- and middle-income countries has been variable and reliant on diverse vaccine platforms. We studied B-cell immunity in Mexico, a middle-income country where five different vaccines have been deployed to populations with high SARS-CoV-2 incidence. Levels of antibodies that bound a stabilized prefusion spike trimer, neutralizing antibody titers and memory B-cell expansion correlated with each other across vaccine platforms. Nevertheless, the vaccines elicited variable levels of B-cell immunity, and the majority of recipients had undetectable neutralizing activity against the recently emergent omicron variant. SARS-CoV-2 infection, experienced prior to or after vaccination potentiated B-cell immune responses and enabled the generation of neutralizing activity against omicron and SARS-CoV for all vaccines in nearly all individuals. These findings suggest that broad population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 will eventually be achieved, but by heterogenous paths.

SUBMITTER: Bednarski E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8845433 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antibody and memory B-cell immunity in a heterogeneously SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated population.

Bednarski Eva E Del Rio Estrada Perla M PM DaSilva Justin J Boukadida Celia C Zhang Fengwen F Luna-Villalobos Yara A YA Rodríguez-Rangel Ximena X Pitén-Isidro Elvira E Luna-García Edgar E Rivera Dafne Díaz DD López-Sánchez Dulce M DM Tapia-Trejo Daniela D Soto-Nava Maribel M Astorga-Castañeda Myriam M Martínez-Moreno José O JO Urbina-Granados Guadalupe S GS Jiménez-Jacinto José A JA Serna Alvarado Francisco J FJ Enriquez-López Yerania E YE López-Arellano Oliva O Reyes-Teran Gustavo G Bieniasz Paul D PD Avila-Rios Santiago S Hatziioannou Theodora T

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 20220208

Global population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is accumulating through heterogenous combinations of infection and vaccination. Vaccine distribution in low- and middle-income countries has been variable and reliant on diverse vaccine platforms. We studied B-cell immunity in Mexico, a middle-income country where five different vaccines have been deployed to populations with high SARS-CoV-2 incidence. Levels of antibodies that bound a stabilized prefusion spike trimer, neutralizing antibody titers and me ...[more]

PMID: 35169812

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Project description:SARS-CoV-2 virus infection has imposed a significant healthcare burden globally. To contain its spread and decrease infection-related mortality, several vaccines have been deployed worldwide in the past 3 years. We conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study to assess the immune response against the virus among blood donors at a tertiary care hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. From December 2021 to March 2022, total of 1,520 participants were enrolled, and their past history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination was recorded. Two serology test, namely, quantitative IgG spike protein (IgGSP) and qualitative IgG nucleocapsid antibody (IgGNC) were performed. The median age of study participants was 40 years (IQR 30-48) and 833 (54.8%) were men. Vaccine uptake was reported in 1,500 donors (98.7%) and 84 (5.5%) reported the past infection history. IgGNC was detected in 46/84 donors with the past infection history (54.8%) and in 36 out of the rest 1,436 (2.5%) with no past history. IgGSP positivity was observed in 1484 donors (97.6%). When compared to unvaccinated donors (n = 20), IgGSP level was higher in the donors who had received one vaccine dose (p< 0.001) and these antibody levels increased significantly among those with 3rd and 4th vaccine doses. Factors associated with low IgGSP (lowest quartile) by multivariate analysis included: no past infection history, homologous vaccination, < 3 vaccine doses, and > 90 days duration since last vaccination. In conclusion, vaccine uptake among our study donors was high (98.7%) and IgGSP antibody was observed in nearly all the vaccinated donors (97.6%). Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, use of heterologous vaccination, vaccines ≥ 3 doses, and duration of the last vaccination >90 days affected IgGSP levels. Use of serological assays were found beneficial in the evaluation and differentiation of immune response to vaccination, and natural infection including the identification of previous asymptomatic infections.

Dataset Information

Antibody and memory B-cell immunity in a heterogeneously SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated population.

Publications

Antibody and memory B-cell immunity in a heterogeneously SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated population.

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