Dataset Information

The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT: With the relatively rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine development has become crucial for limiting disease transmission. The accelerated growth in the approved COVID-19 vaccines has sparked concerns about their efficacies which have been assessed by many studies. This systematic review compares the efficacy and effectiveness of seven COVID-19 vaccines. A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed using several databases to identify studies reporting the effectiveness or the efficacy of the vaccines. Only 42 studies met our inclusion criteria, which revealed that the COVID-19 vaccines have successfully reduced the rates of infections, severity, hospitalization, and mortality among the different populations. The full-dose regimen of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine is the most effective against infections with the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. Despite of the high effectiveness of some of the COVID-19 vaccines, more efforts are required to test their effectiveness against the other newly emerging variants.

SUBMITTER: Mohammed I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8862168 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review.

Mohammed Ibrahim I Nauman Areej A Paul Pradipta P Ganesan Sanjith S Chen Kuan-Han KH Jalil Syed Muhammad Saad SMS Jaouni Shahd H SH Kawas Hussam H Khan Wafa A WA Vattoth Ahamed Lazim AL Al-Hashimi Yasmeen Alavi YA Fares Ahmed A Zeghlache Rached R Zakaria Dalia D

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 20220203 1

With the relatively rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine development has become crucial for limiting disease transmission. The accelerated growth in the approved COVID-19 vaccines has sparked concerns about their efficacies which have been assessed by many studies. This systematic review compares the efficacy and effectiveness of seven COVID-19 vaccines. A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed using several databases to identify studies reporting the effectivene ...[more]

PMID: 35113777

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundSeveral therapeutic drugs have been authorized for the treatment of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, further research on the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and target populations of these novel therapeutic drugs are necessary. This study included mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 patients to evaluate azvudine's effectiveness across different severity levels.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to our hospital from December 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023. Patients were divided into retrospective cohorts receiving azvudine antiviral therapy and standard treatment, and were followed-up for up to 28 days.ResultsPrior to data processing, azvudine treatment was associated with reduced mortality rates at 7 days (1.09/1000 persons vs. 5.06/1000 persons, P < 0.001) and 14 days (3.35/1000 persons vs. 5.65/1000 persons, P = 0.001). After propensity score matching, a decrease in mortality rates at 7 days (0.8/1000 persons vs. 6.29/1000 persons, P < 0.001), 14 days (3.42/1000 persons vs. 7.26/1000 persons, P < 0.001), and 28 days (4.33/1000 persons vs. 7.29/1000 persons, P = 0.003) were observed following azvudine treatment. After inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment, the results were consistent with propensity score matching. In the clinical subgroup analysis, azvudine treatment intervention significantly reduced the 7-day (2.49/1000 persons vs. 14.59/1000 persons, P = 0.001 and 11.36/1000 persons vs. 66.99/1000 persons, P < 0.001), 14-day (5.22/1000 persons vs. 17.36/1000 persons, P < 0.001 and 17.08/1000 persons vs. 51.72/1000 persons, P = 0.002), and 28-day (7.58/1000 persons vs. 16.02/1000 persons, P = 0.014 and 20.43/1000 persons vs. 46.51/1000 persons, P = 0.008) mortality rates in hospitalized patients with severe and critical COVID-19.ConclusionsThe study suggests that in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, azvudine treatment significantly reduces patient mortality rates in hospitalized COVID-19 infections, wherein the effects are more pronounced in severe and critical patients.

Project description:BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination has been advocated as the most effective way to curb the pandemic. But with its inequitable distribution and slow rollout, especially in low- to middle- income countries, it will still take a long time before herd immunity is achieved. Alternative measures must therefore be explored to bolster current COVID-19 vaccination efforts. In particular, the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine has been studied extensively as to its proposed conferment of non-specific immunity against different infections, including COVID-19. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the current evidence on the effectiveness of national BCG vaccination policies in reducing infection and mortality of COVID-19.MethodsA systematic review was conducted between April to August 2021 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane, HERDIN, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM). Studies conducted from January 2020 to August 2021 that fell within Level 1A to 2C of the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine were included in the review. Quality assessment was performed using the appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool and a quality assessment checklist for ecological studies adapted from Betran et al. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Nine studies reported significant association between BCG vaccination policies and COVID-19 outcomes, even when controlling for confounding variables. In addition, among other mandated vaccines, such as pneumococcal, influenza, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, and measles, only BCG vaccination showed significant association with decreased COVID-19 adverse outcomes. However, other factors also showed positive association with COVID-19 outcomes, particularly markers of high economic status of countries, higher median age, and greater population densities.ConclusionThe lower incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in countries with mandated BCG vaccination may not solely be attributable to BCG vaccination policies, but there is still some evidence that demonstrates a possible protective effect. Clinical trials must be continued before recommendations of BCG vaccinations are to be used as an alternative or booster vaccine against COVID-19.

Project description:It is urgently needed to update the comprehensive analysis about the efficacy or effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines especially during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. In general, the current COVID-19 vaccines showed a cumulative efficacy of 66.4%, 79.7%, and 93.6% to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and severe COVID-19, respectively, but could not prevent the asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the current COVID-19 vaccines could effectively prevent COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant although the incidence of breakthrough infection of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant increased when the intervals post full vaccination extended, suggesting the waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, one-dose booster immunization showed an effectiveness of 74.5% to prevent COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant. However, current COVID-19 vaccines could not prevent the infection of Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 and had about 50% effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529. Furthermore, the effectiveness was 87.6% and 90.1% to prevent severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-related death caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.2, respectively, while one-dose booster immunization could enhance the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent the infection and COVID-19 caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 and sub-lineage BA.2. Two-dose booster immunization showed an increased effectiveness of 81.8% against severe COVID-19 caused by the Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 variant compared with one-dose booster immunization. The effectiveness of the booster immunization with RNA-based vaccine BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 was over 75% against severe COVID-19 more than 17 weeks after booster immunization whereas the heterogenous booster immunization showed better effectiveness than homologous booster immunization. In summary, the current COVID-19 vaccines could effectively protect COVID-19 caused by Delta and Omicron variants but was less effective against Omicron variant infection. One-dose booster immunization could enhance protection capability, and two-dose booster immunization could provide additional protection against severe COVID-19.

Dataset Information

The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review.

Publications

The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets