Features of Psychomotor Coordination in Adolescents with Neuropsychiatric Pathology Enrolled in a Standard Educational Program.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mavrenkova P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8870156 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Features of Psychomotor Coordination in Adolescents with Neuropsychiatric Pathology Enrolled in a Standard Educational Program.
Mavrenkova Polina P Pankova Natalia N Lebedeva Marina M Karganov Mikhail M
Brain sciences 20220210 2
The imbalance between the speed and accuracy of cognitive-motor operations can lead to the formation of abnormal behavioral programs fraught with serious negative consequences for the individual. For successful correction and prevention of social disadaptation in adolescents with nervous and mental diseases and functional disorders in mental sphere in general education schools, the peculiarities of their psychomotor activity should be taken into account. We measured some parameters of visual-mot ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundCurrently, there is a lack of knowledge, organisation and structure in modern health care systems to counter the global trend of obesity, which has become a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders and cancer. There is a need to strengthen integrated care between primary and secondary health care and to enhance care delivery suited for patients with complex, long-term problems such as obesity. This study aimed to explore how an educational program for General Practitioners (GPs) can contribute to increased knowledge and improved coordination between primary and secondary care in obesity treatment, and reports on these impacts as perceived by the informants.MethodsIn 2010, an educational program for the specialist training of GPs was launched at three hospitals in Central Norway opting for improved care delivery for patients with obesity. In contrast to the usual programs, this educational program was tailored to the needs of GPs by offering practice and training with a large number of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes for an extended period of time. In order to investigate the outcomes of the program, a qualitative design was applied involving interviews with 13 GPs, head physicians and staff at the hospitals and in one municipality.ResultsThrough the program, participants strengthened care delivery by building knowledge and competence. They developed relations between primary and secondary care providers and established shared understanding and practices. The program also demonstrated improvement opportunities, especially concerning the involvement of municipalities.ConclusionsThe educational program promoted integrated care between primary and secondary care by establishing formal and informal relations, by improving service delivery through increased competence and by fostering shared understanding and practices between care levels. The educational program illustrates the combination of advanced high-quality training with the development of integrated care.
| S-EPMC6498688 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: This study examines how baseline demographics, psychosocial characteristics, and intervention delivery predict engagement among adolescents with overweight and obesity seeking treatment. Methods: Data originates from a multisite randomized control trial evaluating the efficacy of an app-based weight loss intervention, compared with standard in-clinic model in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Participants were randomized to one of the three arms: (1) AppCoach, (2) AppAlone, or (3) Control. Demographic, executive functioning (EF), and depression questionnaires were completed at baseline. Percent engagement was compared within and between groups defined by demographics and depressive symptoms. Quantile regression was used to evaluate the association between age and EF on percent engagement. Results: Baseline demographics were not associated with engagement within or between groups. Neither baseline self-reported depressive symptoms (p = 0.244) nor deficits in EF (p = 0.34) were predictors of engagement. Univariate analysis found that the control arm had the highest engagement (83%) compared with AppCoach (63.5%) and AppAlone (22.5%, p = 0.02). Hispanic ethnicity was predictive of higher engagement in the control arm (p = 0.02). On multivariate quartile regression no other baseline characteristics were significant predictors of engagement. Conclusion: Baseline demographics and individual psychosocial characteristics were not related to engagement in this cohort. The intervention arm that required parental involvement resulted in the greatest engagement suggesting that family involvement may overshadow individual behavioral phenotype and thus promote better engagement. Further investigation is needed to understand how program delivery can be leveraged to optimize treatment engagement and outcomes in adolescence. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03500835.
| S-EPMC8147508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportancePoorer performance on standard tests of motor coordination in children has emerging links with sedentary behavior, obesity, and functional capacity in later life. These observations are suggestive of an untested association of coordination with health outcomes, including mortality.ObjectiveTo examine the association of performance on a series of psychomotor coordination tests in childhood with mortality up to 6 decades later.Design, setting, and participantsThe British National Child Development Study (1958 Birth Cohort Study) is a prospective cohort study based on a nationally representative sample of births from England, Scotland, and Wales. A total of 17 415 individuals had their gross and fine motor psychomotor coordination assessed using 9 tests at ages 11 and 16 years. Data analysis for the present study was conducted from October 2016 to December 2019.Main outcomes and measuresAll-cause mortality as ascertained from a vital status registry and survey records.ResultsIn this birth cohort study of 17 415 individuals who underwent a series of psychomotor coordination tests in childhood, follow up was conducted over several decades. Of the analytical sample of 12 678 individuals, 51% were male, and 72% came from a lower social group. Mortality surveillance between ages 12 and 58 years in an analytical sample of 17 062 men and women yielded 1072 deaths (766 661 person-years at risk). In survival analyses with adjustment for sex, higher scores on 7 of the 9 childhood coordination tests were associated with a lower risk of mortality in a stepwise manner. After controlling for early-life socioeconomic, health, cognitive, and developmental factors, lower mortality was statistically significantly associated with 3 tests: ball catching at age 11 years (0-8 vs 10 catches: hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% CI, 1.19-2.07), match-picking at age 11 years (>50 vs 0-36 seconds: HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09-1.63), and hopping at age 16 years (very unsteady vs very steady: HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.63).Conclusions and relevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that childhood motor coordination is associated with lower mortality up to middle-age; these findings require replication.
| S-EPMC7193332 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo compare the ultrasonography and pathology features between children and adolescents with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsA total of 53 patients who were surgically diagnosed with childhood or adolescent PTC between 2017 and 2022 were included in this study. The pre-operative ultrasonography, post-operative histology, and molecular and clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsNo differences were observed in composition, echogenicity, and shape using ultrasonography. Moreover, there was a significantly higher rate of extrathyroidal extension, punctate echogenic foci, and lymph node metastases in children compared to adolescents. The molecular analysis showed that BRAFV600E mutations are the most prevalent abnormality in adolescent PTC (12/20, 60.0%). However, they are less in childhood PTC (7/23, 30.4%). In addition, using next-generation sequencing, three cases with oncogenic fusion (one TRIM33-RET case, one CCDC6-RET case, and one STRN-ALK case) were identified in childhood PTC.ConclusionThe frequency of extrathyroidal extension, punctate echogenic foci, and lymph node metastases were higher in childhood PTC, while BRAFV600E mutations were higher in adolescent PTC.
| S-EPMC9871215 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To study the relationship between urinary total polyphenol excretion (TPE) in adolescents and ideal cardiovascular (CVH) metrics. 1151 adolescents aged 12.04 (0.46) years participating in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools were selected based on the availability of urine samples and information required to assess CVH metrics. Data on health behaviours (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, and healthy diet) and health factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) were used to calculate the CVH metrics. TPE in urine was analysed by a Folin-Ciocalteu method after solid-phase extraction. Associations between TPE (categorized into tertiles) and CVH metrics (total and separate scores) were assessed using multilevel mixed-effect regression models. Higher TPE levels were associated with higher (healthier) CVH scores and ideal smoking status (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.10; 1.87, p value = 0.007), physical activity (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02; 1.23, p value = 0.022) and total cholesterol (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.16; 2.73, p value = 0.009) after multivariate adjustment. An association between TPE and total CVH scores was observed only in boys. Girls with higher TPE had higher rates of ideal total cholesterol and blood pressure. According to our findings, higher urinary TPE is related to better CVH scores, with relevant differences in this association by gender.
| S-EPMC9475038 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Current medical school curricula predominantly facilitate early integration of basic science principles into clinical practice to strengthen diagnostic skills and the ability to make treatment decisions. In addition, they promote life-long learning and understanding of the principles of medical practice. The Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME) were developed in response to a call to action by pathology course directors nationwide to teach medical students pathology principles necessary for the practice of medicine. The PCME are divided into three competencies: 1) Disease Mechanisms and Processes, 2) Organ System Pathology, and 3) Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. Each of these competencies is broad and contains multiple learning goals with more specific learning objectives. The original competencies were designed to be a living document, meaning that they will be revised and updated periodically, and have undergone their first revision with this publication. The development of teaching cases, which have a classic case-based design, for the learning objectives is the next step in providing educational content that is peer-reviewed and readily accessible for pathology course directors, medical educators, and medical students. Application of the PCME and cases promotes a minimum standard of exposure of the undifferentiated medical student to pathophysiologic principles. The publication of the PCME and the educational cases will create a current educational resource and repository published through Academic Pathology.
| S-EPMC5528910 | biostudies-other
Project description:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at baseline and after 6 months of lifestyle modification among obese adolescents referred to a multidisciplinary weight management program.A total of 165 obese adolescents were evaluated at baseline, and measurements were repeated in 57 subjects who completed 6 months of the program. Metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more of the following: a body mass index (BMI) >97(th) percentile, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertriglyceridemia, and impaired fasting glucose (IFG).The prevalence of a BMI >97(th) percentile, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and IFG was 92.7, 54.5, 29.1, 26.7, and 2.4%, respectively. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at baseline was 30.3%. After 6 months of lifestyle modification, BMI z scores, percent body fat, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly from baseline; however, there was no significant change in the number of subjects demonstrating >or=three criteria of the metabolic syndrome.Approximately one third of the study subjects met the criteria of the metabolic syndrome, emphasizing the growing concern for the future development of premature cardiovascular disease in this high-risk population. Our data suggest that new strategies for lifestyle modification may be needed to improve cardiovascular risk factors significantly among adolescents with obesity.
| S-EPMC3135889 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to develop and validate an approach to accurately identify incident pediatric neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) requiring hospitalization by using administrative data.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional, multicenter study of children 5 to 18 years of age hospitalized at two US children's hospitals with an NPE. We developed and evaluated 3 NPE identification algorithms: (1) primary or secondary NPE International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis alone, (2) NPE diagnosis, the NPE was present on admission, and the primary diagnosis was not malignancy- or surgery-related, and (3) identical to algorithm 2 but without requiring the NPE be present on admission. The positive predictive value (PPV) of each algorithm was calculated overall and by diagnosis field (primary or secondary), clinical significance, and NPE subtype.ResultsThere were 1098 NPE hospitalizations included in the study. A total of 857 confirmed NPEs were identified for algorithm 1, yielding a PPV of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.80). Algorithm 2 (n = 846) had an overall PPV of 0.89 (95% CI 0.87-0.91). For algorithm 3 (n = 938), the overall PPV was 0.86 (95% CI 0.83-0.88). PPVs varied by diagnosis order, NPE clinical significance, and subtype. The PPV for critical clinical significance was 0.99 (0.97-0.99) for all 3 algorithms.ConclusionsWe identified a highly accurate method to identify neuropsychiatric adverse events in children and adolescents. The use of these approaches will improve the rigor of future studies of NPE, including the necessary evaluations of medication adverse events, infections, and chronic conditions.
| S-EPMC9058193 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDigital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM®) is the standard for the representation, storage, and communication of medical images and related information. A DICOM file format and communication protocol for pathology have been defined; however, adoption by vendors and in the field is pending. Here, we implemented the essential aspects of the standard and assessed its capabilities and limitations in a multisite, multivendor healthcare network.MethodsWe selected relevant DICOM attributes, developed a program that extracts pixel data and pixel-related metadata, integrated patient and specimen-related metadata, populated and encoded DICOM attributes, and stored DICOM files. We generated the files using image data from four vendor-specific image file formats and clinical metadata from two departments with different laboratory information systems. We validated the generated DICOM files using recognized DICOM validation tools and measured encoding, storage, and access efficiency for three image compression methods. Finally, we evaluated storing, querying, and retrieving data over the web using existing DICOM archive software.ResultsWhole slide image data can be encoded together with relevant patient and specimen-related metadata as DICOM objects. These objects can be accessed efficiently from files or through RESTful web services using existing software implementations. Performance measurements show that the choice of image compression method has a major impact on data access efficiency. For lossy compression, JPEG achieves the fastest compression/decompression rates. For lossless compression, JPEG-LS significantly outperforms JPEG 2000 with respect to data encoding and decoding speed.ConclusionImplementation of DICOM allows efficient access to image data as well as associated metadata. By leveraging a wealth of existing infrastructure solutions, the use of DICOM facilitates enterprise integration and data exchange for digital pathology.
| S-EPMC6236926 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) clinical trials and other studies have demonstrated a relationship between diet and cardiovascular outcomes in adults, yet little is known of this relationship in children. Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, with similar increases in hypertension among this population. The purpose of our study was to examine the association between dairy intake and blood pressure (BP) in a cohort of children and adolescents (aged 4-17 years) enrolled in a weight management program.Methods and resultsDietary intake was assessed using the Block Kids 2004 food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional sample of participants enrolled in the Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome Study at the Children's Hospital (Charleston, SC). BP and other anthropometrics were obtained at baseline. Only children with complete baseline data and food frequency questionnaires were included in this analysis (n=117). Associations between food group/nutrient intake and BP were examined across race and sex using ANOVA and Pearson correlations. Linear regression models were controlled for body mass index and age. In the total sample, a significant inverse relationship was found between the intake of dairy and systolic BP (r=-0.24, P=0.009). The effect of dairy on systolic BP, however, differed by race. We observed a decrease of 11.2 mm Hg for each serving of dairy consumed by white children, and no decrease in systolic BP in black children (P=0.001 for the race-dairy serving interaction).ConclusionsNutrition professionals must consider nonnutrition factors contributing to childhood hypertension, as current dietary recommendations appear to have differential outcomes across races.
| S-EPMC5586402 | biostudies-literature