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Maggot Extract Interrupts Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Maturation in Combination with Antibiotics by Reducing the Expression of Virulence Genes.

ABSTRACT: Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria encased in an extracellular polymer matrix that acts as a diffusion barrier protecting the microbial community. Bacterial communication occurs by small signaling molecules called quorum sensing (QS) factors, which are involved in the activation of virulence genes and formation of biofilms. Larvae of the green bottle blowfly Lucilia sericata remove necrotic tissue by mechanical action (debridement) and proteolytic digestion. We produced a freeze-dried storable powder from larval extract and investigated its therapeutic effect on biofilms. Larval extract in concentrations of 6 and 12 mg/mL in combination with 0.5% antibiotics (≙50 U/mL penicillin and 50 μg/mL streptomycin) diminished free-floating (planktonic) Pseudomonas aeruginosa maintenance, while it showed no effect on Staphylococcus aureus and was not toxic to dermal cells. We established an ex vivo human dermal wound model. Larval extract in concentrations of 24 and 75 mg/mL in the presence of antibiotics (0.5%) significantly destroyed the biofilm stability of both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms. Furthermore, SEM analyses revealed crack and gap formations on P. aeruginosa. biofilm surface and decreased expression of P. aeruginosa biofilm maturation and virulence genes (lasR, rhlR and rhlA) was observed after treatment by larval extract in combination with antibiotics.

SUBMITTER: Becerikli M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8875949 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maggot Extract Interrupts Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Maturation in Combination with Antibiotics by Reducing the Expression of Virulence Genes.

Becerikli Mustafa M Wallner Christoph C Dadras Mehran M Wagner Johannes M JM Dittfeld Stephanie S Jettkant Birger B Gestmann Falk F Mehlhorn Heinz H Mehlhorn-Diehl Tim T Lehnhardt Marcus M Behr Björn B

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 20220204 2

Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria encased in an extracellular polymer matrix that acts as a diffusion barrier protecting the microbial community. Bacterial communication occurs by small signaling molecules called quorum sensing (QS) factors, which are involved in the activation of virulence genes and formation of biofilms. Larvae of the green bottle blowfly <i>Lucilia sericata</i> remove necrotic tissue by mechanical action (debridement) and proteolytic digestion. We produced a freeze-dried st ...[more]

PMID: 35207524

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Project description:BackgroundDiabetic skin wound is a complex problem due to the disruption of normal repairing program and lack of effective remedy. Lucilia sericata larvae (maggot) is a folk method to treat chronic skin wound, while its therapeutic effects on that caused by diabetic remains unknown.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of maggot extract (M.E.) on diabetic skin wound and its molecular mechanism by establishing the skin wound model of diabetic Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.MethodsDiabetic model was established by injecting intraperitoneally streptozotocin in SD rats under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. The rat fasting blood glucose values were ≧16.7 mmol/L 72 hours after intraperitoneal streptozotocin (60mg/kg body weight) injection. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): normal group: normal SD rats without any treatment, diabetic blank group: the diabetic rats without any treatment, Vaseline group: the diabetic rats dressed with Vaseline, recombinant human epidermal-growth-factor (rhEGF) group: the diabetic rats dressed with a mixture of Vaseline and 200 μg/g rhEGF, M.E. group: the diabetic rats dressed with a mixture of Vaseline and 150 μg/ml maggot extract. The round open wounds (1.0 cm in diameter) down to the muscle fascia were made on both sides of rat dorsa by removing the skin layer (epidermis and dermis) and were daily photographed for calculating their healing rates. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome staining were performed on skin wound sections to analyze re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescent (IF) stainings and Western blotting were conducted to analyze the statuses of STAT3 signaling.ResultsThe average wound healing rates on the 14th day were 91.7% in the normal, 79.6% in M.E., 71% in rhEGF, 55.1% in vaseline and 43.3% in the diabetes blank group. Morphological staining showed more active granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization and neovascularization in M.E.-group than those in the blank and the vaseline-treated groups. Decreased p-STAT3 nuclear tranlocation and down-regulated Bcl-2, CyclinD1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were evidenced in the diabetic rats, which could be improved by rhEGF and especially M.E.ConclusionMaggot extract would be an alternative and/or adjuvant candidate for the better management of diabetic skin wounds because of its activity in enhancing STAT3 activation.

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Dataset Information

Maggot Extract Interrupts Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Maturation in Combination with Antibiotics by Reducing the Expression of Virulence Genes.

Publications

Maggot Extract Interrupts Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Maturation in Combination with Antibiotics by Reducing the Expression of Virulence Genes.

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