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Age-Dependent Invasion of Pseudorabies Virus into Porcine Central Nervous System via Maxillary Nerve.

ABSTRACT: Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent for Aujeszky's disease, a disease that mainly affects pigs and incidentally other domestic and wild animals. While PRV is almost always fatal, causing neurological disease independently of the age in non-porcine species, the development of neurological manifestation in its host species, the pig, highly depends on the age. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of nerve development on the outcome of virus infection and the effect of virus infection on the structure of nerves in piglets of various ages. For that reason, 42 pigs at the age of one (n = 14), three (n = 14) and five (n = 14) weeks were inoculated with 107 TCID50 of PRV Kaplan strain and euthanized at one- or four-days post inoculation (DPI). The tissues of the trigeminal nervous pathway were collected and examined for virus replication (titration) in cell cultures for nerve morphology by light and transmission electron microscopy, and for viral antigen visualization by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that as the age of the pig increases, virus titers and clinical manifestations reduced, while, at the same time, myelin and axon development ceased. Following infection, the nerve structure was disrupted at all ages examined, being more prominent in one-week-old pigs compared to five-week-old pigs. In conclusion, the age-dependent PRV neuroinvasion in pigs seems to correlate with the morphological changes of neurons.

SUBMITTER: Papageorgiou K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8878659 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Age-Dependent Invasion of Pseudorabies Virus into Porcine Central Nervous System via Maxillary Nerve.

Papageorgiou Konstantinos K Grivas Ioannis I Chiotelli Maria M Theodoridis Alexandros A Panteris Emmanuel E Papadopoulos Dimitris D Petridou Evanthia E Papaioannou Nikolaos N Nauwynck Hans H Kritas Spyridon K SK

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 20220126 2

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent for Aujeszky's disease, a disease that mainly affects pigs and incidentally other domestic and wild animals. While PRV is almost always fatal, causing neurological disease independently of the age in non-porcine species, the development of neurological manifestation in its host species, the pig, highly depends on the age. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of nerve development on the outcome of virus infection and the effe ...[more]

PMID: 35215103

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Project description:ImportanceVisual impairment in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is caused mostly by intraocular lymphomatous involvement (vitritis and retinal infiltration), whereas optic nerve infiltration (ONI) is a rare condition.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation of ONI, its imaging characteristics, and outcome.Design, setting and participantsA total of 752 patients diagnosed with PCNSL were retrospectively identified from the databases of 3 French hospitals from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2014. Of these, 7 patients had documented ONI. Exclusion criteria were intraocular involvement, orbital lymphoma, or other systemic lymphoma. Clinical presentation, neuroimaging, biological features, treatment, and outcomes were assessed.Main outcomes and measuresTreatment response was evaluated clinically and radiologically on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to the International PCNSL Collaborative Group response criteria.ResultsThe 7 patients included 5 women and 2 men. Median age at diagnosis was 65 years (range, 49-78 years). Two patients had initial ONI at diagnosis, and 5 had ONI at relapse. Clinical presentation was marked by rapidly progressive and severe visual impairment for all patients. The MRI findings showed optic nerve enlargement in 3 patients and contrast enhancement of the optic nerve in all patients. Additional CNS lesions were seen in 4 patients. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid samples detected lymphomatous meningitis in 2 patients. Clinical outcome was poor and marked by partial recovery for 2 patients and persistent severe low visual acuity or blindness for 5 patients. Median progression-free survival after optic nerve infiltration was 11 months (95% CI, 9-13 months), and median overall survival was 18 months (95% CI, 9-27 months).Conclusions and relevanceOptic nerve infiltration is an atypical and challenging presentation of PCNSL. Its visual and systemic prognosis is particularly poor compared with vitreoretinal lymphomas even in response to chemotherapy. Although intraocular involvement is frequent in PCNSL and clinically marked by slowly progressive visual deterioration, lymphomatous ONI is rare and characterized by rapidly progressive severe visual impairment.

Dataset Information

Age-Dependent Invasion of Pseudorabies Virus into Porcine Central Nervous System via Maxillary Nerve.

Publications

Age-Dependent Invasion of Pseudorabies Virus into Porcine Central Nervous System via Maxillary Nerve.

Similar Datasets

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