Dataset Information

Heat Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size via Induction of Plasmodesmal Callose Accumulation Inhibiting Phloem Unloading in Arabidopsis.

ABSTRACT: The intercellular transport of sugars, nutrients, and small molecules is essential for plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental changes. Various stresses are known to affect the cell-to-cell molecular trafficking modulated by plasmodesmal permeability. However, the mechanisms of plasmodesmata modification and molecules involved in the phloem unloading process under stress are still not well understood. Here, we show that heat stress reduces the root meristem size and inhibits phloem unloading by inducing callose accumulation at plasmodesmata that connect the sieve element and phloem pole pericycle. Furthermore, we identify the loss-of-function of CALLOSE SYNTHASE 8 (CalS8), which is expressed specifically in the phloem pole pericycle, decreasing the plasmodesmal callose deposition at the interface between the sieve element and phloem pole pericycle and alleviating the suppression at root meristem size by heat stress. Our studies indicate the involvement of callose in the interaction between root meristem growth and heat stress and show that CalS8 negatively regulates the thermotolerance of Arabidopsis roots.

SUBMITTER: Liu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8879574 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heat Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size via Induction of Plasmodesmal Callose Accumulation Inhibiting Phloem Unloading in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.

Liu Jie J Liu Yao Y Wang Shuang S Cui Yongqi Y Yan Dawei D

International journal of molecular sciences 20220213 4

The intercellular transport of sugars, nutrients, and small molecules is essential for plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental changes. Various stresses are known to affect the cell-to-cell molecular trafficking modulated by plasmodesmal permeability. However, the mechanisms of plasmodesmata modification and molecules involved in the phloem unloading process under stress are still not well understood. Here, we show that heat stress reduces the root meristem size and inhibits p ...[more]

PMID: 35216183

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Project description:BackgroundCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) efficiently accumulates starch in its storage roots. However, how photosynthates are transported from the leaves to the phloem (especially how they are unloaded into parenchymal cells of storage roots) remains unclear.ResultsHere, we investigated the sucrose unloading pattern and its impact on cassava storage root development using microstructural and physiological analyses, namely, carboxyfluorescein (CF) and C14 isotope tracing. The expression profiling of genes involved in symplastic and apoplastic transport was performed, which included enzyme activity, protein gel blot analysis, and transcriptome sequencing analyses. These finding showed that carbohydrates are transported mainly in the form of sucrose, and more than 54.6% was present in the stem phloem. Sucrose was predominantly unloaded symplastically from the phloem into storage roots; in addition, there was a shift from apoplastic to symplastic unloading accompanied by the onset of root swelling. Statistical data on the microstructures indicated an enrichment of plasmodesmata within sieve, companion, and parenchyma cells in the developing storage roots of a cultivar but not in a wild ancestor. Tracing tests with CF verified the existence of a symplastic channel, and [14C] Suc demonstrated that sucrose could rapidly diffuse into root parenchyma cells from phloem cells. The relatively high expression of genes encoding sucrose synthase and associated proteins appeared in the middle and late stages of storage roots but not in primary fibrous roots, or secondary fibrous roots. The inverse expression pattern of sucrose transporters, cell wall acid invertase, and soluble acid invertase in these corresponding organs supported the presence of a symplastic sucrose unloading pathway. The transcription profile of genes involved in symplastic unloading and their significantly positive correlation with the starch yield at the population level confirmed that symplastic sucrose transport is vitally important in the development of cassava storage roots.ConclusionsIn this study, we revealed that the cassava storage root phloem sucrose unloading pattern was predominantly a symplastic unloading pattern. This pattern is essential for efficient starch accumulation in high-yielding varieties compared with low-yielding wild ancestors.

Dataset Information

Heat Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size via Induction of Plasmodesmal Callose Accumulation Inhibiting Phloem Unloading in Arabidopsis.

Publications

Heat Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size via Induction of Plasmodesmal Callose Accumulation Inhibiting Phloem Unloading in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.

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