Dataset Information

The role of neural load effects in predicting individual differences in working memory function.

ABSTRACT: Studies of working memory (WM) function have tended to adopt either a within-subject approach, focusing on effects of load manipulations, or a between-subjects approach, focusing on individual differences. This dichotomy extends to WM neuroimaging studies, with different neural correlates being identified for within- and between-subjects variation in WM. Here, we examined this issue in a systematic fashion, leveraging the large-sample Human Connectome Project dataset, to conduct a well-powered, whole-brain analysis of the N-back WM task. We first demonstrate the advantages of parcellation schemes for dimension reduction, in terms of load-related effect sizes. This parcel-based approach is then utilized to directly compare the relationship between load-related (within-subject) and behavioral individual differences (between-subject) effects through both correlational and predictive analyses. The results suggest a strong linkage of within-subject and between-subject variation, with larger load-effects linked to stronger brain-behavior correlations. In frontoparietal cortex no hemispheric biases were found towards one type of variation, but the Dorsal Attention Network did exhibit greater sensitivity to between over within-subjects variation, whereas in the Somatomotor network, the reverse pattern was observed. Cross-validated predictive modeling capitalizing on this tight relationship between the two effects indicated greater predictive power for load-activated than load-deactivated parcels, while also demonstrating that load-related effect size can serve as an effective guide to feature (i.e., parcel) selection, in maximizing predictive power while maintaining interpretability. Together, the findings demonstrate an important consistency across within- and between-subjects approaches to identifying the neural substrates of WM, which can be effectively harnessed to develop more powerful predictive models.

SUBMITTER: Li YP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8880845 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The role of neural load effects in predicting individual differences in working memory function.

Li Y Peeta YP Cooper Shelly R SR Braver Todd S TS

NeuroImage 20211019

Studies of working memory (WM) function have tended to adopt either a within-subject approach, focusing on effects of load manipulations, or a between-subjects approach, focusing on individual differences. This dichotomy extends to WM neuroimaging studies, with different neural correlates being identified for within- and between-subjects variation in WM. Here, we examined this issue in a systematic fashion, leveraging the large-sample Human Connectome Project dataset, to conduct a well-powered, ...[more]

PMID: 34678433

Similar Datasets

Project description:The present study investigated the differential effects of explicit corrections, meta-linguistic corrective feedback (CF), and analogy-based CF on L2 learners' acquisition of English third-person singular form -s and whether and how individual differences in working memory (WM) mediate such effects. One hundred secondary school English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners at a junior middle school in inland China were randomly assigned to the explicit correction group (EG), the meta-linguistic CF group (MG), the analogy-based CF group (AG), and the control group (CG). Learners performed both an information-gap activity and a picture-description activity where their errors on target structure were treated according to their group assignment. The Untimed Grammatical Judgement Test (UGJT) and the Elicited Oral Production Test (EOPT) were used to measure learners' resulting performance. Learners' WM was measured with operation span test. Results revealed that (1) compared to the control group, all the CF groups significantly improved their performance of English third-person singular form -s over time; (2) explicit corrections and meta-linguistic CF displayed superior advantages over analogy-based CF on the immediate posttest. However, the three CF groups demonstrated no significant difference in their performance of English third-person singular form -s on the delayed posttest; (3) WM was only able to predict the effects of analogy-based CF but not explicit corrections and meta-linguistic CF; and (4) analogy-based CF was more favorable to learners with higher WM who can regulate their limited attentional resources more efficiently, whereas explicit corrections and meta-linguistic CF equalize learning opportunities for all learners with different levels of WM. The findings of this study suggest optimal, profile-matched pedagogical options for L2 learning through identifying CF conditions that cater to the needs of young learners with different levels of WM.

Project description:BackgroundVisual working memory (VWM) helps us store visual information to prepare for subsequent behavior. The neuronal mechanisms for sustaining coherent visual information and the mechanisms for limited VWM capacity have remained uncharacterized. Although numerous studies have utilized behavioral accuracy, neural activity, and connectivity to explore the mechanism of VWM retention, little is known about the load-related changes in functional connectivity for hemi-field VWM retention.Methodology/principal findingsIn this study, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 14 normal young adults while they performed a bilateral visual field memory task. Subjects had more rapid and accurate responses to the left visual field (LVF) memory condition. The difference in mean amplitude between the ipsilateral and contralateral event-related potential (ERP) at parietal-occipital electrodes in retention interval period was obtained with six different memory loads. Functional connectivity between 128 scalp regions was measured by EEG phase synchronization in the theta- (4-8 Hz), alpha- (8-12 Hz), beta- (12-32 Hz), and gamma- (32-40 Hz) frequency bands. The resulting matrices were converted to graphs, and mean degree, clustering coefficient and shortest path length was computed as a function of memory load. The results showed that brain networks of theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma- frequency bands were load-dependent and visual-field dependent. The networks of theta- and alpha- bands phase synchrony were most predominant in retention period for right visual field (RVF) WM than for LVF WM. Furthermore, only for RVF memory condition, brain network density of theta-band during the retention interval were linked to the delay of behavior reaction time, and the topological property of alpha-band network was negative correlation with behavior accuracy.Conclusions/significanceWe suggest that the differences in theta- and alpha- bands between LVF and RVF conditions in functional connectivity and topological properties during retention period may result in the decline of behavioral performance in RVF task.

Project description:BackgroundResearch on the neural bases of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has shown that working memory (WM) difficulties are associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. However, cognitive load impacts these findings, and no studies have examined the relation between WM load and neural underpinnings in children with ASD. Thus, the current study determined the effects of cognitive load on WM, using a visuo-spatial WM capacity task in children with and without ASD with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodsWe used fMRI and a 1-back colour matching task (CMT) task with four levels of difficulty to compare the cortical activation patterns associated with WM in children (7-13 years old) with high functioning autism (N = 19) and matched controls (N = 17) across cognitive load.ResultsPerformance on CMT was comparable between groups, with the exception of one difficulty level. Using linear trend analyses, the control group showed increasing activation as a function of difficulty level in frontal and parietal lobes, particularly between the highest difficulty levels, and decreasing activation as a function of difficulty level in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri. In contrast, children with ASD showed increasing activation only in posterior brain regions and decreasing activation in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri, as a function of difficulty level. Significant differences were found in the precuneus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial premotor cortex, where control children showed greater positive linear relations between cortical activity and task difficulty level, particularly at the highest difficulty levels, but children with ASD did not show these trends.ConclusionsChildren with ASD showed differences in activation in the frontal and parietal lobes-both critical substrates for visuo-spatial WM. Our data suggest that children with ASD rely mainly on posterior brain regions associated with visual and lower level processing, whereas controls showed activity in frontal lobes related to the classic WM network. Findings will help guide future work by localizing areas of vulnerability to developmental disturbances.

Dataset Information

The role of neural load effects in predicting individual differences in working memory function.

Publications

The role of neural load effects in predicting individual differences in working memory function.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets