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How do personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults?

ABSTRACT: The present study examined how personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults and distinguished between the manifestations of experiences and behaviors. We used data from an ambulatory assessment study over 10 days with assessments of trait-related experiences and behaviors obtained from 136 older adults aged between 60 and 91 years (41.2% male; M = 70.45 years). Multilevel models revealed that on average, 61.2% of variance in trait-related experiences and 39.6% of variance in behaviors were due to consistent differences between persons. Older adults were rather variable and diverse in their trait manifestations, while they also showed relative stability in trait manifestations. Across older age, some age effects for trait manifestations were found. Moreover, within-person variation of experiences and behaviors showed, with one exception, joint fluctuations in daily life. The findings portray a nuanced picture of trait manifestations in older adulthood. The findings complement the literature on within-person variability in older adulthood and might encourage further studies from a within-person perspective to better understand how older adults navigate through daily life.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s10433-020-00598-z).

SUBMITTER: Lindner S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8881547 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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How do personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults?

Lindner Stefanie S Aschwanden Damaris D Zimmermann Johannes J Allemand Mathias M

European journal of ageing 20210217 1

The present study examined how personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults and distinguished between the manifestations of experiences and behaviors. We used data from an ambulatory assessment study over 10 days with assessments of trait-related experiences and behaviors obtained from 136 older adults aged between 60 and 91 years (41.2% male; <i>M</i> = 70.45 years). Multilevel models revealed that on average, 61.2% of variance in trait-related experiences and 39.6% of variance in ...[more]

PMID: 35242000

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Project description:Aging and neurodegeneration impact structural brain integrity and can result in changes to behavior and cognition. Personality, a relatively stable trait in adults as compared to behavior, in part relies on normative individual differences in cellular organization of the cerebral cortex, but links between brain structure and personality expression have been mixed. One key finding is that personality has been shown to be a risk factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease, highlighting a structure-trait relationship. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has been used to noninvasively study age-related changes in tissue mechanical properties because of its high sensitivity to both the microstructural health and the structure-function relationship of the tissue. Recent advancements in MRE methodology have allowed for reliable property recovery of cortical subregions, which had previously presented challenges due to the complex geometry and overall thin structure. This study aimed to quantify age-related changes in cortical mechanical properties and the relationship of these properties to measures of personality in an older adult population (N = 57; age 60-85 years) for the first time. Mechanical properties including shear stiffness and damping ratio were calculated for 30 bilateral regions of the cortex across all four lobes, and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) was used to measure neuroticism and conscientiousness in all participants. Shear stiffness and damping ratio were found to vary widely across regions of the cortex, upward of 1 kPa in stiffness and by 0.3 in damping ratio. Shear stiffness changed regionally with age, with some regions experiencing accelerated degradation compared to neighboring regions. Greater neuroticism (i.e., the tendency to experience negative emotions and vulnerability to stress) was associated with high damping ratio, indicative of poorer tissue integrity, in the rostral middle frontal cortex and the precentral gyrus. This study provides evidence of structure-trait correlates between physical mechanical properties and measures of personality in older adults and adds to the supporting literature that neurotic traits may impact brain health in cognitively normal aging.

Project description:BackgroundCognitive decline is a chronic condition which is characterized by a loss of the ability to remember, learn, and pay attention to complex tasks. Many older people are now suffering from cognitive decline, which decreases life quality and leads to disability. This study aimed to identify the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline of the older people from daily life and establish a predictive model using logistic regression.MethodsWe investigated 3,790 older people with health examination and questionnaires which included information associated with physical condition, lifestyle factors, and cognitive status. Single-factor comparison, principal component analysis with a Manova-Wilk test, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression were performed to filter the risk and protective factors regarding cognitive decline of older individuals. Then a predictive model using logistic regression was established based on the most significant protective and risk factors.ResultsWe found a significant separation along the coordinate axis between people with normal and declined cognition by principal component analysis, as confirmed by the Manover-Wilk test. Single-factor comparison, multiple linear regression and logistic regression implied that gender, age, hypertension level, height, dietary habit, physical-exercise duration, physical-exercise history, and smoking history could be closely linked with cognitive decline. We also observed significant differences in height, physical exercise duration, physical-exercise years, and smoking years between the male and female of the participants. ROCs of the predictive model by logistic regression were plotted, with AUC values of 0.683 and 0.682, respectively, for the training and testing sets. Although an effective predictive model is thought to have AUC over 0.7, we still believe that the present model is acceptable because the value is close to the threshold.ConclusionThe protective factors of cognitive decline for older people were male gender, height, keeping moderate exercising, and nicotine stimulation, and the risk factors included age, female gender, vegetarianism and hypertension. Except for the genetic factor, differences in lifestyle, such as smoking and exercise habits, may contribute to the observed differences in cognitive function between genders. The significant results could be utilized in the practice for the early intervention of cognitive decline in aged people.

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How do personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults?

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How do personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults?

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