Dataset Information

Impact of water fortification with calcium on calcium intake in different countries: a simulation study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To simulate the impact - effectiveness and safety - of water fortification with different concentrations of Ca using the Intake Modelling, Assessment and Planning Program.

Design

This is a secondary analysis of national or sub-national dietary intake databases.

Setting and participants

Uganda, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Bangladesh, Zambia, Argentina, USA and Italy.

Results

We found that for dietary databases assessed from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the strategy of fortifying water with 500 mg of Ca/l would decrease the prevalence of low Ca intake in all age groups. We also found that this strategy would be safe as no group would present a percentage of individuals exceeding the upper limit in >2 %, except women aged 19-31 years in Lao PDR, where 6·6 % of women in this group would exceed the upper limit of Ca intake. The same strategy would lead to some groups exceeding the upper limit in USA and Italy.

Conclusions

We found that for most LMIC countries, water fortified with Ca could decrease the prevalence of Ca intake inadequacy without exceeding the upper levels of Ca intake.

SUBMITTER: Cormick G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8883601 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Impact of water fortification with calcium on calcium intake in different countries: a simulation study.

Cormick Gabriela G Gibbons Luz L Belizán Jose M JM

Public health nutrition 20200803 2

<h4>Objective</h4>To simulate the impact - effectiveness and safety - of water fortification with different concentrations of Ca using the Intake Modelling, Assessment and Planning Program.<h4>Design</h4>This is a secondary analysis of national or sub-national dietary intake databases.<h4>Setting and participants</h4>Uganda, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Bangladesh, Zambia, Argentina, USA and Italy.<h4>Results</h4>We found that for dietary databases assessed from low- and middle-income ...[more]

PMID: 32744224

Similar Datasets

Project description:Daily calcium intake is well below current recommendations in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Calcium intake is usually related to bone health, however an adequate calcium intake has also been shown to reduce hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, lower blood pressure and cholesterol values, and to prevent recurrent colorectal adenomas. Food fortification of foods has been identified as a cost-effective strategy to overcome micronutrient gaps in public health. This review summarizes regulatory aspects of fortification of commonly consumed foods with micronutrients, with an emphasis on calcium. We selected a convenient sample of 15 countries from different WHO regions and described the regulatory framework related to calcium fortification of staple foods. We assessed the relevant policies in electronic databases including the WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA) for fortification policies and the Global Fortification Data Exchange Database, a fortification database developed and maintained by Food Fortification Initiative (FFI), Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Iodine Global Network (IGN), and Micronutrient Forum. Food fortification with micronutrients is widely used in many of the selected countries. Most countries had national legislation for the addition of micronutrients to staple foods, especially wheat flour. These national legislations, that includes regulations and standards, can provide the framework to consider the implementation of adding calcium to the fortification strategies, including the selection of the adequate food vehicle to reach the targeted population at risk safely. The strategy to include calcium in the fortification mix in fortified staple foods seems promising in these countries. However, potential undesired changes on the organoleptic characteristics of fortified foods and products thereof, and operational feasibility at the manufacturing site should be evaluated by the stakeholders during the planning stage. Codex Alimentarius standards should be considered by regulators in order to assure adherence to international standards. While the selected countries already have established national regulations and/or standards for fortification of key staple food vehicles, and there are experiences in the implementation of fortification of some staple foods, national food intake surveys can help plan, design, and modify existing fortification programs as well as monitor food and nutrient consumption to assess risk and benefits.

Dataset Information

Impact of water fortification with calcium on calcium intake in different countries: a simulation study.

Objective

Design

Setting and participants

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Impact of water fortification with calcium on calcium intake in different countries: a simulation study.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets